Design Of Terahertz On-chip Antenna And Mixer In CMOS

Terahertz is the last electromagnetic band that has not been fully recognized and utilized.Due to its superior advantages,terahertz wave can provide many opportunities for the future development of human beings,including medical imaging,security testing,broadband communication,agricultural testing and other fields.As a key part of terahertz detection system,the performance of terahertz antenna will directly affect its detection quality.In this paper,wide-band and miniaturized terahertz on-chip patch antennas are researched and designed,which are applied to the design of terahertz mixer.The main work of this paper is as follows:?1?The theory of terahertz on-chip patch antenna is summarized,and the methods to achieve miniaturization and wideband design of the antenna are studied.The terahertz on-chip patch antennas are designed basing on TSMC 40nm CMOS process.On the basis of the rectangular radiation patch,rectangular slot antenna,T-shaped slot antenna double T-shaped slot antenna and double E-shaped slot antenna are designed.By continuously changing the slot structure and position,gradually reducing the size of the antenna and optimizing performance.The double E-shaped slot antenna based on the rectangular radiating patch has the smallest size and the bandwidth is up to 179GHz.The antenna based on the loop radiation patch has good bandwidth at300GHz and 600GHz.The ring differential antenna,ring single-port feed antenna are designed respectively.Subsequently,the ring single-port feed antenna is designed as a 1×2 planar array,whose bandwidth is up to 110GHz.?2?Based on the application of terahertz detection system,the designed terahertz on-chip patch antennas and terahertz circuits are integrated and applied to the terahertz signal source and detector of heterodyne mixer chips.The 300GHz and 600GHz heterodyne mixer circuits are designed on the basis of TSMC 40nm CMOS process.Furthermore,the differential common source IF amplifier and two-stage common source IF amplifier circuits are designed respectively to further amplify the output IF signal after mixing.The maximum conversion gain of the 300GHz detector is 11.08dB,the maximum voltage response is 35.75kV/W,the noise equivalent power is142.04fW/Hz^1/2,and the output frequency bandwidth is 0.1¹3GHz.The maximum conversion gain of the 600GHz detector is 15.328dB,the maximum voltage response is 58.399kV/W,the noise equivalent power is 40.055nW/Hz^1/2,and the output frequency bandwidth is 0.1¹7.28GHz.?3?The layout design of the on-chip patch antennas and the terahertz circuit are carried out together.Moreover,the post-simulation of terahertz circuits is also carried out.The rectangular slot antenna and the double T-shaped slot antenna are respectively designed as two terahertz signal source with push-push oscillator circuit.The T-shaped slot antenna and double E-shaped slot antenna are respectively integrated with push-push oscillator circuit to form two terahertz signal source array.The ring differential antenna is integrated with heterodyne mixer to form a 300GHz detector.The ring single-port feed antenna and ring antenna array are integrated with heterodyne mixer to form a 600GHz detector.?4?External expansion circuit and test platform are designed for the terahertz signal source and detector chips and tested.The function of the on-chip antennas is verified by the test results of the terahertz signal source and the heterodyne detector chips.The main improvements achieved in this paper are as follows:?1?Patch meandering technology is adopted to design slotted radiation patch to improve the performance of antennas,achieving miniaturization and broadband.Subsequently,the antenna is designed as a planar array to increase the gain.?2?It is decided to add a silicon lens above the chip to realize beamforming and change the angle of terahertz electromagnetic wave,which can improve radiation efficiency of the antenna.?3?The heterodyne mixer is combined with IF amplifier,which can achieve high gain and broadband.The output IF frequency is controllable at the same time.