Design And Application Of Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

As the Sensor technology,communication technology and microelectronic circuit of continuous innovation and progress,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)are becoming more and more common in the fields of manufacturing,agriculture,and defense technology,almost all remote monitoring applications use the WSN,these applications sense information from the scene through sensors and wirelessly transmit it to the computer.However,the small size of the sensor node and the limited capacity of its own power supply,so how to reduce the energy consumption of the node in the process of sensing information and forwarding information to extend the network life is a key issue of WSN.In this paper,from the perspective of efficient use of network node energy,analyzed the characteristics of the existing clustering routing protocol,then studies and improves the related routing protocols under the two states of uniformly distributed nodes and non-uniformly distributed nodes,and the design of the node under the non-uniform distribution of WSN routing protocols used in the campus fire monitoring system.WSN routing protocol design with uniform distribution of nodes(RPUDN): in a network with uniform distribution of nodes,the clustering process can be simplified,clustering can be achieved quickly,and control overhead can be reduced.The protocol divides the area covered by the node into multiple equidistant rings,calculates the optimal number of cluster heads of the closest ring to the sink node with minimum energy consumption,and then calculates the optimal cluster of the remaining rings based on the equal energy consumption of each ring node,and the average number of nodes per cluster per ring is obtained,node cluster stages completed by counting,then selects a high-quality node in the cluster to be responsible for the cluster head,finally uses the improved gravity search algorithm to establish the objective function of the multiple hops routing,the data of the outer ring is forwarded to the inner ring along the optimal path until it reaches the destination node.MATLAB simulation results show that the RPUDN protocol can effectively reduce the energy cost of nodes and greatly extend the network life.WSN routing protocol design with non-uniform distribution of nodes(RPNDN): in the network with non-uniform distribution of nodes,if the node only applies to join the nearest cluster head according to the strength of the received signal,the energy consumption of cluster heads in dense regions is larger than that in sparse regions,resulting in unbalanced energy consumption of nodes.The protocol selects the optimal cluster head using the residual energy of the node,the density of nodes and the distance between nodes and target nodes as the influence parameters.In the clustering stage,refers to the action model of the Coulomb force of the electrostatic field,and ordinary nodes apply to join the cluster head with large virtual force.Finally,the multi-hop routing between clusters comprehensively considers the two factors of cluster head energy and distance,adaptively determines the weight according to the change of residual energy with network operation,and establishes the communication cost function to find the data forwarding path.MATLAB simulation results show that the RPNDN protocol can effectively balance the load of nodes and improve the performance of the network.Finally,the WSN routing protocol with non-uniform distribution of nodes designed in this subject is applied to the campus fire monitoring system and its performance is tested,the temperature sensor is installed in the place where fire is likely to happen.The sensor senses temperature information according to the instructions received,when monitoring temperature more than set limit,the alarm system is activated and emergency information is sent to the administrator.The test results show that the error between the collected data and the actual data is small,and the energy consumption and packet loss rate of the transmitted data are low.