Research And Practice On The Construction Method Of Tourism Spatial Ontology Based On Crowdsourcing Technology

With the popularity of the internet and the vigorous development of tourism,the amount of tourism information has increased dramatically,and the era of tourism big data has followed.However,the existing tourism data,on the one hand,are multi-source,heterogeneous and non-standard,which makes it difficult to classify,integrate and manage the information of data.On the other hand,tourism data resources are lack of temporal and spatial semantic relations.And there are semantic deficiencies,semantic ambiguity and other problems,which make tourism data resources become "knowledge islands".Therefore,high-precision semantic retrieval of tourism information can't be realized.Ontology is the formal expression and specification of the shared conceptual model in the domain.It has a good conceptual hierarchy and semantic relationship.And ontology is of great significance to the management and sharing of data resources by adding semantic annotation to massive data resources,because it can realize the interconnection of multi-source heterogeneous information and solve the problem of semantic heterogeneity of information.In the field of tourism,some scholars abstracted and generalized the knowledge and information related to tourism into a common concept.According to its hierarchical structure,the knowledge system can be shared,and it can be expressed formally by computer understandable language,and the tourism spatial ontology can be constructed.However,the existing research of tourism spatial ontology only involves some elements,and lacks consideration of the whole process of tourism activities,which leads to the incomplete concept system of tourism spatial ontology and limits the application scope of tourism spatial ontology.Therefore,it is urgent to build a comprehensive concept system and a complete structure of all elements tourism spatial ontology model to provide a unified reference for tourism domain ontology.At present,ontology construction is mainly manual.However,the process of building ontology is time-consuming.And it is difficult to meet the needs of massive,multi-source and heterogeneous data management.Therefore,the key problem of tourism spatial ontology research is how to construct large-scale tourism spatial ontology quickly.Crowdsourcing technology is a way to outsource work tasks performed by specific employees in the past to non-specific network public in a free and voluntary form.Crowdsourcing data has the characteristics of wide source,strong current situation and low cost.As an open collaborative way of collecting Internet public wisdom,this technology can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of data acquisition in the process of ontology construction and support the construction of ontology.Therefore,this paper carries out the research and practice of tourism spatial ontology construction method based on crowdsourcing technology,we put forward the ontology model of tourism spatial full factors,then design and develop the tourism spatial ontology construction system.Finally,we realize the collaborative construction of tourism spatial ontology in Shandong Province.The specific research contents and results are as follows.(1)We established the full factor tourism spatial ontology model which can be shared.By systematically investigating the behaviors of tourists in tourism activities,such as eating,living,traveling,traveling,entertaining,buying,etc.,this paper focuses on the analysis of the connotation and essence of concepts related to tourists,scenic spots,tourism resources,tourism facilities,tourism service institutions and their employees in the tourism field.And then defines the tourism spatial ontology model and its conceptual system,attributes and relations.We also established a tourism spatial ontology model with complete concept system,comprehensive attribute and rich relationship,which provides semantic support for the design of crowdsourcing system.(2)Designed and implemented the tourism spatial ontology construction system based on crowdsourcing technology.Under the guidance of the full factor tourism spatial ontology model,the tourism spatial ontology construction system based on crowdsourcing technology is designed and developed.The system includes data annotation function module,data quality control module,tourism spatial ontology data query and display module,system management module.The platform guides volunteers to mark tourism spatial objects on the map and fill in their attributes and relationship data.At the same time,it takes the combination of volunteer voting and administrator review to ensure the quality of crowdsourcing data,and realizes the complete process from obtaining crowdsourcing data to building tourism spatial ontology.In addition,it provides users with the data query and display function of tourism spatial ontology,and intuitively displays tourism spatial information in the way of ontology knowledge map.(3)Construction practice of tourism spatial ontology in Shandong Province.Taking Shandong Province as an example to carry out related experiments,and to participate in crowdsourcing activities by convening volunteers.And to contribute the tourism spatial data under the guidance of the system,so as to achieve the construction of Shandong Province's tourism spatial ontology.In conclusion,this paper puts forward the construction method of tourism spatial ontology based on crowdsourcing technology,which realizes the combination of ontology construction and crowdsourcing data collection.It solves the bottleneck problem of data acquisition in the process of ontology construction,thus avoiding the complex process of manual ontology construction and improving the efficiency of ontology construction and update.It is of great significance to the organization and management of scattered,multi-source and heterogeneous tourism spatial data resources.In addition,the construction of the tourism spatial ontology through the collaboration of people provides new ideas for the automatic construction and update of other ontology.The method proposed in this paper has a certain reference significance to the construction of ontology.