Development Of On-linereal-time Automatic Monitoring Instrument For Multivalent Nitrogen,Phosphorus And Sulfur

Environment,usually referring to water,atmosphere and soil and et al,is closely interconnected to all aspects of human life.Alternatively,the human activity has great impacts on the environment.The quick economic development in China has exposed serious environmental issues,which is always seen in other economic developed and developing countries.Environmental protection demands necessary monitoring in both emissions and environmental conditions.The flux of emissions or pollutants finally reach in the environmental water body.The most important polluted elements in water body are nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur and many other species such as heavy metals and organics.Traditionally,water is sampled and send to monitoring station,leading heavy labors,time consuming,and costs and incomplete information on targeted pollutant.This thesis fills this gap in techniques,realizing the on-line,multi-elements and multi-speciation determination of regular pollutants in water for water monitoring.The thesis includes eight chapters,addressing every aspects of the establishment of the on-line,multi-elements and multi-speciation determination of regular pollutants in water for water monitoring.In the Chapter One,a discussion of demands in water environment was given.Three major elements,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur,were included,covering their sources,pollution regulations and the current development of pollution control techniques.The literature and market search reveal the demand of the establishment of an on-line,multi-elements and multi-speciation determination instrument.In the Chapter Two,Three and Four,different analytical measures on nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur were evaluated,leading a final common optical spectroscopy theory to integrate the determination of multi-speciation of nitrogen,phosphorus and sulfur.In the Chapter Five,which is the most important section of this thesis,the construction of this integrated instrument was discussed in details.The instrument includes several major component to realize functionalities in the on-line,the multi-element,the multi-speciation,covering sampling,sample preparation,speciation treatment,concentration analysis,data acquisition and data publish.The overall information has been summarized in the specialized software package.This instrument setup has been finally passed the integration evaluation.The Chapter Six and Seven presented two accessories on the chromatograph method of screening rare earth metals and the automation of sampling,respectively.The Chapter Eight summarized major achievement of this thesis and ideas on the future expansion.This research would contribute the necessary tools in the water environmental monitoring,the environmental information management,as well as the environmental alarming capability.