Design And Research Of Small-sized Wideband Microstrip Antennas

Research on the miniaturization design of wideband microstrip antenna has important research significance and application value in the field of radar antenna design.Because the microstrip antenna has the advantages of small size,light weight,low profile,and easy conformity,it has the conditions for the development of equipment integration.However,the microstrip antenna itself has disadvantages such as high quality factor,narrow frequency band,and low efficiency,which limits their application.Therefore,this paper has designed the antenna to be miniaturized and broadbanded.Based on the basic theory of microstrip antennas,this paper first designed and simulated a simple rectangular microstrip antenna,which provided a reference for miniaturization and broadband design of the antenna.Next,three miniaturization and broadband antenna designs are proposed,and simulations are performed using high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software.The first design scheme is to load a V-shaped groove structure on the basis of a rectangular microstrip antenna.The simulation results show that compared with the rectangular microstrip antenna,when the gain variation is not obvious,the antenna with V-groove structure reduces the patch area by 18.2% and the relative bandwidth by 15.4%.This shows that the miniaturization of the antenna and the effect of broadbanding are obvious.The second design is to load the CSRR-based defect structure on the ground plane.The simulation results show that compared with the rectangular microstrip antenna,when the gain variation is not obvious,the antenna with the CSRR-based defective ground structure reduces the patch area by 5% and the relative bandwidth by 33.9%.This shows that the miniaturization effect of the antenna is not very obvious,but the effect of broadbanding is obvious.The third design is to load the V-groove and DGS structure simultaneously.The simulation results show that compared with the rectangular microstrip antenna,the V-groove and the DGS structure antenna are loaded at the same time when the gain change is not obvious.The patch area is reduced by 27% and the relative bandwidth is increased by 13.4%.This shows that the miniaturization effect of the antenna is very obvious,and the effect of broadbanding is more obvious.All in all,the three schemes have greatly improved the antenna's miniaturization and broadband performance.Finally,an antenna loaded with a V-groove and an antenna loaded with a V-groove and aDGS structure at the same time are used as array elements,and high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software is utilized.Firstly,a four-element array was simulated.On the basis of good performance of the four-element array,the sixteen-element array was further simulated.The sixteen-element array loaded with the V-shaped groove and the sixteen-element array simultaneously loaded with the V-shaped groove and the DGS structure both use Arlon AD260 A dielectric plates having a thickness of 3.4 mm and a size of 70mm×70mm.The simulation results show that the sixteen-element array antenna loaded with V-groove structure achieves a gain greater than 17.23 d B and a half-power beam width greater than 23 degrees in the entire band of 9.5 GHz-10.5 GHz with an array pitch of 16.5 mm.At the same,the sixteen-element array antenna with V-groove and DGS structure is loaded.When the distance between array elements is 15.5mm,the gain is greater than 17.18 d B,and the half-power beam width is greater than 21 degrees.Both designs achieve the miniaturization and broadband of the array.The miniaturization and broadband antennas designed in this paper provide a feasible solution for the miniaturization and wideband design of SAR antennas.