Research Of Energy-balanced And Depth-controlled Routing Protocol For UWSN

With the deepening of ocean exploration and research,Underwater Wireless Sensor Network(UWSN)has received more and more attention.Underwater Wireless Sensor Network(UWSN)has an extremely wide range of applications.By deploying a large number of sensor nodes underwater,various functions such as military monitoring,earthquake monitoring,pollution monitoring,and assisted navigation can be realized.The Underwater Wireless Sensor Network consists of two different types of nodes:sensor node and sink node.Usually one or more sink nodes are deployed on the surface of the water,and a large number of sensor nodes are deployed at different depths.The underwater sensor nodes collect the required data from the surrounding environment and forward the data from other sensor nodes,so the data is finally transmitted to the sink node on the water surface from bottom to top by means of multi-hop.Finally,the sink node then transmits the collected data to the data center on the gruond through satellite communications.Because radio signals will attenuate underwater,underwater sensor nodes often use acoustic signals for data transmission.The acoustic signal has the characteristics of high transmission delay,high signal-to-noise ratio and low bandwidth,so the routing protocol proposed for terrestrial Wireless Sensor Networks is not suitable for Underwater Sensor Networks.In addition,in the Underwater Wireless Sensor Network,the battery capacity of the sensor node is limited,it is difficult and expensive to replace the battery.Therefore,how to improve the network lifetime is an important issue.Since each sensor node has a different amount of data due to different locations,the energy consumption of the sensor node is unbalanced,which greatly affects the network lifetime.Therefore,equalizing the energy consumption between sensor nodes is one major method to increase the network lifetime.At present,some scholars have proposed the algorithm that selects the next hop based on the residual energy of its neighbors when the node forwards data,realizes the energy balance among its neighbors and improves the network lifetime,but they don't consider the energy balance between the nodes near the sink nodes and the nodes far from the sink nodes.The nodes closer to the sink nodes have more data to forward,and the energy consumption is larger than the nodes far from the sink nodes.This unbalanced energy consumption will reduce the network lifetime.Therefore,this paper studies the energy balance between the nodes near the sink node and the nodes far from the sink node,and proposes the Energy-Balanced and Depth-Controlled Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks(EBDCR).EBDCR replaces low-energy nodes with high-energy nodes by adjusting the depth,thus achieving the energy consumption balance and prolonging the network lifetime.The simulation experiment results show that EBDCR which is proposed in this paper can prolong the network lifetime effectively.