Energy Balanced Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) is a distributed self-configuring network which consists of embedded computing, parallel processing and wireless communication. It has been widely used in modern military, environmental, industrial, household, medicine, space exploration and other areas. It was regarded as one of the top ten emerging technologies. Routing technology plays a vital role in WSN. Clustered routing has become the key point in current routing technology with simple in topology management, efficient in energy saving, simple in data fusion.LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) as the typical hierarchical routing protocol, elects cluster heads randomly with a cycle in order to balance the consumed energy in the whole network, extending the lifetime of the network. In this thesis, an algorithm called TCSMR (Twice-Clustering and Single-Multiple hop Routing) is presented based on LEACH protocol. It takes the average residual energy of the nodes alive into account in the network in the stage of cluster heads election. At the clustering phase, twice clustering with adaptive parameters is adopted to balance the node degree. A SMH (Single-Multiple Hop) algorithm is used at the phase of data transmission, which combines the multiple hop routing and directed data transmission. It is shown by NS2 simulation that TCSMR protocol can balance the load of cluster head effectively and improve the coverage of network, FND (First Node Died) is about eight times that of LEACH, the lifetime of network increased 161% compared with LEACH.