SES,Parenting Styles And The Development Of Non-Cognitive Skills Among Chinese Adolescents

As a micro mechanism of intergenerational mobility,family parenting styles has been paid more and more attention to by the research on social stratification in China.Generally speaking,there are many important claims about class-related values and practices in parenting in western sociology research,which are supported by qualitative and quantitative empirical studies.But in China,studies on education stratification focus more on the class difference of children's educational attainment rather than the difference of family education quality,more on children's academic achievement rather than the micro process of family's decision-making.The attention is more paid to the influence of family involvement on children's academic performance,and less paid to the development of their non-cognitive ability.Because of the variability in parenting measurement,a few quantitative studies even concludes that there is no class difference in parenting.Therefore,to explore the "Before and After" of parenting,parenting styles and the development of non-cognitive skills among Chinese Adolescents,can not only provides new perspectives for understanding some education phenomenon parents concerning about,but also help to reveal how does one's family education in early life affect the acquisition of individual abilities,which means the process of educational inequality in Chinese society.To sum up,this paper attempts to explore three questions: firstly,whether there is a class difference in parenting education in China;secondly,the influence of parenting style on children's non-cognitive ability;the last is the mediating effects among status,parenting styles and children's non-cognitive abilities.From the perspective of holistic parenting style,we choose Baumrind's four patterns of parenting,disaggregate the dimensions of social class or SES,and use CEPS2015 and SASS2015 data.All measures are used to re-examine the class-parenting association and discusses whether there is a difference between Chinese and western society.Although the two data sets are different in the measurement of parenting styles,we get similar pattern of class difference:First of all,in Chinese urban society,families with higher social status are more likely to adopt authoritative or democratic parenting methods.The main difference in the parenting styles is "authoritative / democratic vs.authoritarian / indulge".That is to say,the class difference in the parenting style is mainly on the response dimension rather than the requirement.Secondly,parenting styles have a significant impact on children's non-cognitive abilities.Democratic and authoritative types are the best parenting styles developing children's non-cognitive abilities,and indulge parenting style is the worst one.So,the difference is also mainly on the response dimension.Finally,the mediating effect is verified.This mediating effect also lies in the response dimensions rather than the requirement dimension.That is to say,the impact of family status on children's non-cognitive abilities is achieved in part through indulge and democratic parenting methods,which distinguished between response frequently or not.