The Influence Of Family Factors And Shadow Education On Cognitive And Non-cognitive Ability

Based on the baseline survey data of China Education Panel survey in 2014,this paper studies the influence of family factors including the relationship between family members and shadow education on the cognition and non-cognition of junior middle school students.This paper builds non-cognitive metrics based on psychology’s Five-Factor Model,and use principal component analysis and other methods to quantify non-cognitive ability.In the study of the impact of family socioeconomic status on cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,this paper adds the relationship between family members.And after controlling for individual,school and social factors,the hierarchical regression method was used to evaluate the effect of family background on cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability.When discussing the influence of shadow education on cognition and non-cognition,we use the propensity score matching method(PSM)to obtain the Average effect of the Treatment on the Treated(ATT)of extracurricular tutoring.After that,we answered questions such as "Is tutoring useful?"This paper also estimated and tested the mediating effect of shadow education between family background and children’s ability.Then,the path of the family background affecting children’s cognitive and non-cognition through the participation of children’s shadow education is established.The study found that family background has a significant positive impact on the cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of middle school students.However,the relationship between family members significantly affects the non-cognitive ability of middle school students,and before controlling this variable,we overestimated the positive impact of family background on the non-cognitive ability.Cultural class Tutoring has a positive effect on students’ cognition,while interest class Tutoring has a significant positive impact on non-cognition.In addition,we also found that shadow education has a mediating effect between the family background and the child’s ability.