A Study On Female Images In Middle School History Textbooks In The Period Of The Republic Of China

The natural difference between the two sexes is the source of the beauty of nature,while the social difference between the two sexes will lead to sexism and prejudice,which is reflected in various human civilizations to different degrees.What is more noteworthy is that people's understanding of the two sexes,and further,their understanding of the female image which is at a disadvantage in traditional culture,is often acquired through education with textbooks as the carrier.As one of the four ancient civilizations in the world,China has been deeply influenced by traditional culture for thousands of years.The male-centered patriarchal cultural consciousness is deeply rooted,while women have been "dumb and silent" and "absent" position for a long time in various fields.This gender concept is reflected in the traditional education,which shows that the male image is full and powerful,while the female image is vague and single.However,after the founding of the People's Republic of China,the status of Chinese women rose significantly and became the model of women's liberation in the world.So,how does the Chinese female image achieve the change of modernization?Obviously this has the internal cause and effect connection with the education of the Republic of China between the late Qing dynasty and the new China.Because the textbook is an important carrier of gender concept strengthening and reproduction,and the history curriculum in middle school is an important way for students to consciously recognize female images and form female awareness,so it is of great significance to study the female images in middle school history textbooks in the period of the Republic of China.Nevertheless,through the study of the academic community,the author found that most of the previous studies focused on the quantitative analysis of the image of women in modern textbooks,and the lack of research on the image of women inmiddle school history textbooks in the period of the Republic of China.Therefore,this study to female images in the middle school history textbooks during the period of the Republic of China as the research object,using literature method,and text analysis,the author collected during the period of the Republic of China 91 kind of middle school history textbooks as the core text,according to the education objective,educational system and the change of the history curriculum standard textbook,combining with the characteristics of the development of women's liberation thoughts in modern China,to start a research from the following several parts.First,the changes of history textbooks with the updating of educational purposes,school systems and curriculum standards.Since the late Qing dynasty when the history textbooks began to appear,the compilation of textbooks has always been centered on the purpose of education.The compilation of history textbooks has undergone a transformation from "loyal ruler" to "republic",which reflects the metabolism of the educational system in terms of content selection and narrative mode,and to some extent reflects the changes of current affairs,politics,social culture and academic progress.Second,it explores the change of female image under the influence of the modern trend of female liberation.The introduction of western women's liberation thought has triggered the thinking and discussion of Chinese progressives from all walks of life.After the establishment of the Republic of China,women got rid of more shackles under the tide of striving to be the "new citizens",and gradually walked out of the family,received education and entered the society.After the establishment of nanjing national government,under the requirement of "women go home",Chinese women shoulder the dual mission of "new citizens" and "good wife and good mother".Later,in the face of the Japanese invasion,the image of Chinese women was associated with "salvation".Looking back on the liberation of women in modern China,we can find that the liberation of women in modern China was placed between family and nation.On the one hand,they are against the feudal family relations under the traditional patriarchal system,on the other hand,they are against imperialism,and through their own unremitting efforts to build a democratic and equal country.In thiscontext,the change of female image in modern China has always been closely linked with the trend of The Times and the destiny of the country.Thirdly,the author analyzes the selection and compilation methods of female images in middle school history textbooks by combining the compilation changes of history textbooks and the trend of modern female liberation,and reveals the specific changes of female images with social changes.After the ideological trend of women's liberation was introduced into China in the late Qing dynasty,Chinese people began to pay attention to the social significance of women,and women were liberated from the traditional family.At the same time,under the background of educational reform of the Qing government,the number of female images in history textbooks compiled by Chinese people increased.After entering the Republic of China,women were further liberated.They actively participated in social affairs and their social status was improved.After the promulgation of the new educational purpose of the People's Republic,the compilation of history textbooks also changed greatly,which reflected the educational purpose of the national government under the republican system.At this time,the images of women in various fields in the history textbooks became rich,and they began to appear as independent images.But on the whole,the image of women in textbooks is still shaped under the expectations of men,the purpose is still to serve the republic.After the introduction of the new school system in 1922,the textbooks were also reformed.The national government required women to start from the improvement of the family,and women entered the history textbooks under the argument of "female nationals" and "good wives and good mothers".After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan,"patriotism" and "defending the country" became the guiding ideology of the textbook,and women also participated in the national salvation in a variety of ways.Fourth,summarize the cause and significance of the change of female image in middle school history textbooks during the Republic of China.On the one hand,as far as its causes are concerned,the change of female image is influenced by political changes,social progress and academic progress,showing a complex multiple causality.On the other hand,in terms of its significance,this transformation of femaleimage not only further promoted the development of Chinese female liberation,but also completed the metabolism of female view through the reinforcement and reproduction of textbooks.In short,the female images in middle school history textbooks during the Republic of China changed several times with the changes of times and education.Them from the "liberated" object,into the main body of emancipation,then in the "national" and "wife" under the dual mission of difficult,and in the process of resist invasion together with men to shoulder the historical mission of saving the nation from subjugation of women's thorough liberation after the founding of new China to lay a solid foundation.This is not only the embodiment of political change,academic progress and social progress in education,but also a typical example of the progress of social concept promoted by education.The experience and lessons are worthy of further study.