| Beijing won the bid for 2022 Winter Paralympic,which promoting the disabled baithlon national team to the establishment,although that sport event had some achievements in 2018 Pyeongchang Paralympic Winter Games,but also exposed the biggest problems of shooting technology of athletes.This is because the athletes shooting skill to master is not skilled,project characteristics lead to shooting difficultly.Attentional withdrawal is the core of marksmanship gunnery,which has been widely recognized and applied in round target shooting and other events.Therefore,it is appropriate to use attentional withdrawal as the theoretical basis for training disabled biathlon athletes.However,the combination of attentional withdrawal and biathlon for the disabled remains to be explored due to the different features of the event and shooting requirements.In addition,it is impossible to accurately monitor the details of attentional withdrawal by simply using shooting results,subjective feelings and other information.The optoelectronic shooting device can record the technical indicators such as holding,aiming and triggering,and convert them into data,which is conducive to researchers' later statistics and analysis.This study is divided into three parts.In the first part,a qualitative study is conducted to find the self-suggestion words that are consistent with the characteristics of the project and conducive to athletes' attentional withdrawal,and the evaluation form of shooting suggestion words operation is compiled.The second and third parts carry out quantitative research to verify the effectiveness of attentional withdrawal in static state and simulated competition situations,which is embodied in the improvement of athletes' shooting performance,technical indicators of optoelectronic shooting device,subjective evaluation,heart rate before and after the use of the self-suggestion words.In the first part,a semi-structured interview was conducted to study the key athletes of the disabled biathlon.After three levels of coding,it is found that the reasons for the athletes to miss the target in the competition can be attributed to two aspects: inattentional withdrawal and unbalanced state.Among them,the inattentional withdrawal mainly refers to the problems in the preloading,while the unbalanced state mainly refers to the athletes' inability to adjust effectively.The cause of hit the target can be attributed to attentional withdrawal and state balance,attentional withdrawal is mainly reflected in the better preloading,self-suggestion is the main means to achieve state balance.It can be concluded that in the process of attentional withdrawal,the disabled biathlon athletes should skip or simplify the search for relationship bewteen sight bead and gunsight,and directly withdrawal to the preloading trigger is more appropriate.And the self-suggestion was defined as "preloading compaction".In the second part,the effect of attentional withdrawal was verified in the static condition of empty gun preview.The results showed that there was asignificant difference between shooting score and quality of triggering(p <0.001).All the marks on the operation evaluation form improved after the intervention.It is proved that attentional withdrawal can effectively have a positive effect on athletes' shooting performance under static empty gun preview.The third part is to verify the effect of attentional withdrawal under the situation of simulated competition.The results showed that there were significant differences in shooting performance,quality of triggering and relative triggering value(p < 0.001),and significant differences in aiming ability(p < 0.05).The scores of the operation evaluation form have been improved;The second,third and fourth shots showed significant differences in heart rate at the moment of firing(p < 0.01).It is proved that attentional withdrawal can effectively have a positive effect on athletes' shooting performance in simulated competition situations.Conclusions: 1)It is more appropriate for disabled biathletes to withdrawal their attention directly to preloading trigger.2)Under static and simulated competition conditions,attentional withdrawal has a positive impact on shooting performance,technical indicators of optoelectronic shooting device,subjective feelings and heart rate of disabled biathlon athletes. |
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