| Ambiguous expressions include neutral expressions with low emotional intensity,surprise expressions with ambiguous valence and ambiguous expressions.Some studies have found that children with autism have poor ability to recognize ambiguous expressions,but what are the characteristics of children with autism when they recognize ambiguous expressions? Is scene titer affecting the recognition of ambiguous information in autistic children? What are the characteristics of autistic children when they are presented with different types of scenes(natural scenes/social scenes)to recognize ambiguous expressions? Further research is urgently needed.There are five experiments,this study selected verbal ability and reasoning matching autistic children and normal children(the experimental one,two,three in two groups of children 29 people,experiment four,five two groups of children for 30 people),using Tobii eye series instrument to collect data,to explore the characteristics of the autistic children recognize ambiguous expressions,and the influence of scene of autistic children recognition ambiguous expressions.The results are as follows:Experiment 1: using the visual search paradigm to explore the characteristics of recognizing ambiguous expressions in autistic children.The results showed that :(1)autistic children and typically developing children were affected by the interference types of expressions when they recognized the neutral expressions.Compared with the happy interference expressions,the correct response time of the neutral expressions under the influence of the sad interference expressions was slower in the two groups.The size of the matrix had an effect on the subjects' recognition of neutral expressions.With the increase of the matrix,the correct response time and the first entry time of autistic children and typically developing children to the neutral target expressions also increased,but the fixation time and fixation times decreased.In the 3×3 matrix,compared with the happy interference expression,the first entry time of the neutral expression affected by the sad interference expression in the autistic children was slower.In the 2×2 matrix,there was no significant difference in the first entry of neutral target expression in autistic children under the influence of two interfering expressions.(2)Autistic children are not affected by the interference types of expressions when they recognize surprise expressions.The first entry of surprise target expressions in autistic children and typically developing children is gradually extended with the increase of matrix.Children with autism responded correctly to the surprise target's expression faster than children without autism.Experiment 2: The visual search paradigm was used to explore the differences of ambiguous expressions recognition in autistic children.The results showed that the types of interference expressions had an effect on the ecognition of ambiguous expressions in autistic children.Compared with the surprise target expression,the neutral target expression was more susceptible to the interference expression.Experiment 3: Using the paradigm of presenting faces and scenes at the same time,to explore the influence of scenes on the recognition of ambiguous expressions in autistic children.The results showed that :(1)The more negative the score of surprise and neutral expression was in the negative scene,the more positive the score of surprise and neutral expression was in the positive scene.The first entry time and the longest reaction time of the two groups of children to the stimulus in the negative scene;(2)Although the valence of surprise expression is vague,its emotional intensity is higher than that of neutral expression.Experiment 4: to explore the influence of natural scenes on the recognition of ambiguous expressions in autistic children by adopting the paradigm of emotion matching.The results showed that :(1)The matching accuracy of neutral expressions of the two groups of children was lower than that of happy and surprised expressions,and the correct response time,total fixation time and fixation times of the two groups of children to neutral stimuli were higher than that of happy and surprised expressions.Compared with happy and neutral expressions,the two groups of children were more likely to be attracted to surprise expressions in the early stage of visual coding,and the two groups of children had a negative bias towards surprise expressions.(2)The total gaze time of typically developing children on the three expressions is higher than that of autistic children;There was no significant difference in the total gaze time of the three expressions in autistic children.(3)The two groups of children were affected by the natural scene titer when they recognized the ambiguous expressions.The time required for the two groups of children to complete the matching of expressions in the negative scene and the first time to enter the scene was longer than that in the neutral and positive scenes.The two groups of children had the shortest correct response to the happy expression in the positive scene,that is,the consistent response between the situation and the expression.Experiment 5: to explore the influence of social scenes on the recognition of ambiguous expressions in autistic children by adopting the pattern of emotion matching.The results showed that :(1)The accuracy rate,response time,first entry time,total gaze time and gaze times of the children with autism were all lower than those of the children with autism.(2)The recognition of neutral expressions of autistic children is worse than that of surprise and happy expressions.Autistic children are quicker to notice the stimulus expressions than typically developing children,and they are also quicker to notice the surprise expressions than typically developing children.(3)The two groups of children were more likely to recognize happy expressions,followed by surprised expressions,and finally neutral expressions.Compared with the happy expression with clear valence,the ambiguous expressions(neutral expression and surprise expression)consumed more attention and energy of children.(4)There was no significant difference in the correct response time,first entering time,fixation time and fixation times of the stimuli in the three kinds of titer scenes among autistic children,and the recognition of ambiguous expressions by autistic children was not affected by the social scene titer.Conclusion:1.The recognition of neutral/surprise expressions in autistic children was influenced by the size of the matrix and the types of interference expressions.2.Children with autism and children without autism have emotional bias towards ambiguous expressions in different titer scenes;3.The recognition of ambiguous expressions by autistic children and typically developing children is influenced by the titer of natural scenes;4.The recognition of ambiguous expressions by autistic children is not affected by the social scene titer,while that by typically developing children is. |
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