Investigation And Research On The Fertility Intention And Its Influence Factors Of Female Teachers At Colleges And Universities Of Kunming Under The Universal Two-child Policy

In recent years,fertility rate has declined rapidly in China,and the population has become more aging.The introduction of the universal two-child policy has aroused widespread concern and discussion in the society.However,the implementation of the new birth policy has not produced obvious birth accumulation.As an early variable of fertility behavior,fertility intention will have a predictive effect on fertility level to a certain extent.Female teachers of childbearing age as the target group of birth two children,their own quality is high,the nature of work and the environment are relatively superior,so they have relatively mature fertility conditions,and their fertility desire will have a certain representativeness.It is important to understand and master the fertility intention of female teachers in colleges and universities,to find out the influencing factors,and to treat the symptoms of the disease,which is of great significance to improving people’s fertility intention and fertility level.This paper takes female teachers at colleges and universities of Kunming as the research object,through the questionnaire survey to understand their second child’s fertility intention,and uses SPSS data statistics software to carry out correlation analysis and cross-description statistics on the questionnaire,to study in depth the impact of personal factors,family factors and social factors on the ideal number of children,gender preferences,birth spacing and reproductive purposes of female teachers in colleges and universities.The research results show that more than half of the female teachers in colleges and universities want to have two children,and the average ideal number of children is 1.6;the traditional gender preference has been diluted,both boys and girls are the same and possessing both son and daughter become the mainstream view;college female teachers who want to have two children have time plans,with the largest number of births spacing 3-5 years;desalination of traditional motivation for fertility,loves children and emotional sustenance become new fertility purpose.The actual fertility behavior of female teachers in colleges and universities is far lower than their fertility desire;individual factors have a greater impact on the fertility intention of female teachers in colleges and universities;family is the strong support for female teachers to bear children in colleges and universities;the national policy and social welfare guarantee affect the fertility intention of female teachers in colleges and universities.In view of the findings of the survey,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: The state should improve relevant laws and policies,increasing child-bearing subsidies for families with two children,increase the maternity subsidies for the two-child families,optimizing the allocation of public service resources,providing a quality nurturing environment;schools should grasp the fertility plan of female teachers in colleges and universities in time,rational overall planning of teacher resources,reducing the work pressure of female teachers in colleges and universities with an inclusive attitude;families should respect the fertility intention choice of female teachers in colleges and universities,create a warm and loving family atmosphere to welcome the arrival of the second child;individuals should plan their time reasonably and strive for a balance between family and work.Raising children is not only the responsibility of the family,but also the responsibility of the society,only when individuals,families and society are united can they provide a better living environment for children and improve the fertility level of our country.