Research On The Fertility Intentions Among Reproductive-age Women In The City Of Hunchun Under The Universal Two-child Policy

Population policy concerns the long-term interests of the whole nation.It needs to be adjusted in time according to the demographic situation and social development.The family planning policy has a positive effect on ameliorating China's population and development issues,greatly alleviating the population pressure.However,in recent years,with the the growth of population downturn,the increasingly prominent problem of population aging has forced the country to further adjust its population policy.Several adjustments were made until the universal two-child policy was released.Since the implementation of the two-child policy has not yet produced the expected population growth effect,it has aroused widespread concern.As reproductive-age women are the main force in childbirth,their fertility intentions will directly affect the reproductive behavior,and also act on fertility outcomes.In the process of promoting the urbanization with Chinese characteristics,the role of small cities cannot be neglected.Since they have huge population,the study of fertility intentions among reproductive-age women in small cities will play an important role in influencing the fertility rate of the second-born.The impact will provide valuable information for further adjustment of population policy.In this study,we selected women aged 20 to 44 years old with one child in the small city of Hunchun as the target group to investigate their fertility intentions of the second child,using the theory of optimum population.Questionnaire method,and in-depth interview method were used to collect,sort out the data.Meanwhile,through the reference of relevant research literature,the current situation of the second child's fertility intention of reproductive-age women is studied,and the causes of their fertility intention issues are discussed in depth.The survey found that even if a woman has child-bearing desire,it does not necessarily lead to the birth of the second child.The weaker fertility intentions will limit fertility practices and often lead to lower fertility outcomes.Self-factors of women such as beyond the optimal age of childbearing,a painful first-born reproductive experience,poor physical health,etc.;Family factors such as lower family income,heavy child rearing investment,etc.;Social factors such as inadequate salaries and benefits,hindered career development,lower medical reimbursement,etc.,will all reduce the fertility desire of women.However the less-than-ideal gender of the first child,the desired second-born zodiac,the approval attitude of family members,the support provided by the elders in the parenting process,and the pursuit of a pleasant family atmosphere,etc.,willbecome a favorable support for women to choose to continue giving birth.When asked about the follow-up and improvement of the universal two-child policy that is expected to be implemented,most reproductive-age women have a high demand for higher medical reimbursement,more childcare support and education subsidies,longer maternity leave duration,and better welfare allowance when raising a second child.I think this is a part that can be taken into account in the discussion of increasing fertility rate.