Research On The Somatotype And Athletic Ability And Its Correlation Of Mongolian Students Aged 13-18 Years

[Objective] By studying 10 somatotype indexes,7 indexes of athletic ability of Mongolian students aged 13-18 years,analyzes the somatotype development,athletic ability development level and the correlation between body shape and athletic ability of Mongolian students aged 13-18 years.Combined with the special developmental period of adolescence,it provides reference for promoting the development of adolescents' physical quality,athlete selection and scientific training.[Methods] A total of 307 male students and 298 female students from the 13-18 year old,Zha'an League,Xing'an League,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,selected 605.According to the anthropometrics and the National Student Health Standards for Health(2014 Revision),body size indicators for 13-18 year old Mongolian students(Height,Weight,Upper arm circumference,Calf circumference,Distal radius,Distal femur Wide,Triceps skinfold thickness,Scapular skin fold thickness,Anterior superior iliac spine pleat thickness,Calf back skin pleat thickness),exercise capacity index(Grip strength(L),Grip strength(R),50-meter run,one minute Sit-ups,standing long jump,800-meter run(female),1000-meter run(male))for measurement.Excel is used to sort out the measured data of various indicators,calculate the values required for the somatotype chart according to the formula of HeathCarter somatotype method,and draw the somatotype chart.Variance analysis was used to analyze(anova)to analyze the mean value of somatotype indexes and the change trend of age,athletic ability indexes and the change trend of age,the correlation between body shape and athletic ability of Mongolian students.[Results](1)Between different ages,male height,weight,upper arm tension circumference,calf circumference,triceps skinfold thickness,scapular cutaneous fold thickness,anterior superior iliac spine pleat thickness,calf back skin pleat thickness,The distal radius of the humerus,the distal femur width,the internal factor value,and the external factor value were all significantly different(P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the median factor value(P>0.05);female body weight,triceps skin folds Thickness,scapular pleat thickness,anterior iliac spine pleat thickness,calf back skin pleat thickness,internal factor value,and external factor value were all significantly different(P<0.01),upper arm tension circumference,distal femur width,middle There was a significant difference in factor values(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in height,calf circumference,and distal radius of the tibia(P>0.05).(2)The somatotype of male students gradually develops from ectodermal to mesodermal somatotype with age.In the process of development,external factors predominate at the age of 13 and intermediate factors are greater than internal factors.At 14 years old,the intermediate factor value predominates.The outer factor value is greater than the inner factor value;at 15 years old,the outer factor value is dominant again,and the medium factor is greater than the inner factor;after 15 years old,the factor value begins to dominate,and the inner factor value is gradually greater than the outer factor value.In the development process,the female somatotype has always belonged to the endodermal somatotype with the inner factor value predominating,and with the increase of age,the medium factor value is gradually larger than the outer factor value.(3)There were significant differences in the athletic ability of boys at different ages.Grip strength continues to increase between the ages of 13 and 15,decreases at 16,and reaches its maximum at 17 and 18 years old.The 50-meter running speed continues to increase between the ages of 13 and 16,reaching the fastest speed at the age of 16,and declines from the age of 17 until the age of 18.One minute sit-ups reach their maximum at age 14 and then continue to decline until they start to rise at age 18.The standing long jump increases rapidly between ages 13 and 15,decreases between ages 16 and 17,and increases again and reaches its maximum at age 18.The 1000-meter speed decreases most significantly between the ages of 13 and 14,gradually increases between the ages of 15 and 18,and reaches its fastest speed at the age of 18.(4)There were significant differences in the athletic ability of girls at different ages.The grip strength of the left hand reached its maximum at age 14 and that of the right hand reached its maximum at age 18.The speed of the 50-meter race reached its fastest at the age of 14,decreased at the age of 15-16,increased slightly at the age of 17,and decreased again at the age of 18.One-minute sit-ups rise twice between ages 13 and 15 and again between ages 16 and 17,peaking at age 15;the standing long jump reached its peak at age 14,fell between 15 and 16,increased slightly at 17 and fell again at 18.The 800-meter run is fastest at age 14,and declines most sharply between the ages of 15 and 16.It increases at age 17,then decreases again at age 18.(5)Between different somatotypes,male grip strength(L),grip strength(R),situps,standing long jump,1000-meter running have very significant differences(P<0.01),50-meter running has significant differences(P<0.05);girls standing long jump,800 meters running have significant difference(P<0.01),grip strength(L)has significant difference(P<0.05),grip strength(R),50 meters running,supine There is no significant difference in sitting(P>0.05)[Conclusions](1)Between different ages,the male body's somatotype gradually evolved from the ectodermal somatotype to the mesodermal somatotype.The female body's somatotype mainly dominated the endoderm,the outer factor value gradually decreased,and the medium factor value gradually increased Big.(2)The Mongolian students' Athletic ability has increased or decreased in different degrees,and the optimal values of various Athletic ability indicators are also distributed in different ages.When conducting physical training,physical education teachers or coaches should grasp the characteristics of each age group and formulate training plans,which has achieved better training results.(3)According to the somatotype distribution,when selecting athletes for 13-18 year old Mongolian students,the boys' somatotype to compare for sports items that conform to the athlete's somatotype requirements,such as well-balanced body,high height,muscular development,strong upper limbs or thick lower limbs.The girl's somatotype to compare for sports items that meet the athlete's somatotype requirements,such as shoulder width,short leg,and strong body.