Research On The Cultivation Of Computational Thinking In Elementary School Based On Problem-solving Method

With the development of the times,information technology courses are changing.From the past,the content system based on software operation skills has gradually turned to the content system focusing on the core literacy of computational thinking and other disciplines.Computational thinking is mainly to use an orderly method to solve the problems encountered in people’s daily life,so that the problem becomes simple and optimized.Computational thinking has become an intrinsic value of information technology courses and a key capability for students in the 21 st century.China’s information technology curriculum takes computational thinking as one of the core literacy of the four university departments.Jiangsu Province and other regions also regard computational thinking as one of the core literacy of compulsory education information technology courses.Computational thinking still faces many difficulties in the current information technology teaching in primary and secondary schools,such as the computational thinking will be taught as knowledge.However,the computational thinking training emphasizes the problem-oriented approach.In the real and intense teaching situation,the teacher guides the students to play the role of the learning subject,and develops the computational thinking training with the problem-solving teaching mode.Through the explanation and analysis of problem solving,computational thinking and the relationship between the two,on the basis of theoretical research,the paper puts forward the problem-solving teaching mode in the elementary school information technology curriculum to cultivate students’ computational thinking ability.In this study,primary school students are the research objects.Firstly,our comprehensive literature puts forward the connotation and components of computational thinking and problem solving.Secondly,combined with the current content of elementary school information technology curriculum,the model of pupils’ computational thinking based on problem-solving teaching mode is constructed.That is,“discovering problems,analyzing problems,proposing solutions,implementing solutions,and evaluating”;then,we selected a fifth-grade student in a primary school in Wuxi for experimental teaching,based on the “smart parking system” unit in mblock programming teaching.The experimental program and the experimental course were designed.The experimental class and the control class were selected to carry out experimental research to verify the effectiveness of the problem-solving teaching mode for the development of primary school students’ computational thinking.Finally,we verified the experimental teaching results.By analyzing the post-test data,the conclusions are as follows:(1)The average number of students in the experimental class in the abstract and decomposition dimensions is significantly higher than that of the students in the control class,indicating The students in the experimental class have significant effects on the improvement of computational thinking after receiving the computational thinking training of the problem-solving teaching mode,especially the two abstract concepts of “abstract” and “decomposition”;(2)teaching based on problem solving Mode can improve students’ logical deduction ability,but it is not significant;(3)Problem-based teaching mode is effective for students’ computational thinking training.This model also cultivates students’ scientific spirit,innovative thinking habits,and knowledge and analysis.The ability to solve problems,at the same time,the teaching mode can help primary school students to use the method of computational thinking to solve more professional and technical problems,life problems,work problems based on the knowledge of the curriculum.