The Effect Of Education Spending To School-age Children On The Birth Rate In China

The implementation of the family planning policy has played an important role in controlling the population size in China for more than 30 years,but it has also caused problems such as ultra-low fertility rate and the consequent decline in the labor-to-population ratio and the aging of the population.In order to alleviate the problem of low fertility,China implemented the “two children” policy in October 2013,and in 2016,it fully liberalized the two-child birth policy.However,the gradual liberalization of the population policy has not brought about a substantial increase in the fertility rate in China.In the two years of the implementation of the “Comprehensive Two-Child” policy,the birth rate of our country has not risen and fallen,and the birth rate of newborns has dropped from 12.96 in 2016.10.94 in 2018.In fact,with the advancement of science and technology and the continuous growth of China's economy,China's labor market has put forward higher requirements for the quality and skills of laborers.Coupled with the profound influence of China's “advocating education” tradition,the expenditure on education for children in China has increased rapidly.Faced with the gradual liberalization of the birth policy,many families are still worried that they can't afford to live and can't afford it.The high cost of child rearing,especially the cost of children's education,is likely to curb the release of China's fertility will,leading to the birth rate of our country.Continue to go down.This paper will focus on the education expenditure of school-age children,and analyze the impact of school-age children's education expenditure on the birth rate of China's population,in order to provide a useful reference for alleviating the problem of low-fertility and promoting the fairness of school-age children in China.This paper combines macro-theoretical analysis and micro-positive analysis to explore the impact of school-age children's education expenditure on China's birth rate.Firstly,this paper reviews the literature on birth rate and education expenditure of school-age children,and shows the current situation and trends of birth rate and education expenditure of school-age children.Then,based on Becker's quantity and quality(QQ)theory,it analyzes the family education expenditure of school-age children.The mechanism of impact on the birth rate;then based on the three-phase mixed cross-sectional data generated by CFPS 2010,2012,2014 and 2016 data,a 2SLS empirical model was established to explore the impact of family child education expenditure on the number of children in the family.Finally,it is concluded that:(1)The increase in family child education spending will reduce the number of children in China at a level of 1% significance.In general,for every 10% increase in child education expenditure,the number of children in the family will drop significantly by 0.00530;(2)The urban-rural comparative analysis shows that the number of children in urban households in China is more sensitive to changes in the education expenditure of children than in rural households;(3)Analysis of household education sub-expenditure found that the negative impact of family child tutoring fees on the number of children in the family is relatively greater,and the negative impact of child tuition and miscellaneous fees on the number of children in the family is relatively small;(4)in the family When the first child is a boy,the impact of child education expenditure on the number of children in the family is greater than when the first child is a girl,and the gender difference in rural families is greater than that in urban areas;(5)when children in the family are in preschool education At the same time,child education spending has the greatest impact on the number of children in the family;the number of children in low-income families is more susceptible to child education spending.Based on the results of empirical analysis,this paper proposes to increase government education investment,reduce the burden of family education costs for school-age children,pay attention to the protection of female students' educational rights,consider providing different government subsidies for children's education stage,and increase the income for low-income families.Subsidies will promote the recovery of the birth rate of our country and guarantee the equal access of quality education to school-age children.