The Study Of The Influence Of Non-cognitive Ability On Wage Of Migrant Workers

The key to new urbanization is the real citizenization of agricultural population.Since the reform and opening up,it has benefited from a large number of non-agricultural transfer of agricultural population.Although the nominal urbanization rate has increased from 17.9%in 1978 to 57.35% in 2016,the actual urbanization rate calculated by the census register population is only 41.2%.The actual urbanization rate of the population of agriculture transfer(i.e.migrant workers),namely the citizenization of migrant workers,is obviously lagging behind their non-agriculture employment process.There are many factors that can influence the effective citizenization of migrant workers.Among them,the relatively low and unstable wages has always been the main obstacle.For the wage decision of migrant workers,scholars always first seek explanation from the new classical wage theory(the traditional human capital perspective),and explain their wage differences based on the traditional human capital differences expressed in school education,experience and training.However,after systematically combing these studies,we find that the traditional human capital factors can not provide a strong explanation for the difference in the wage difference between the same individual in different professions and the wage differentials among the same individuals on the same job under the control of the structural factors such as the system environment and occupation and industry.Especially after the education degree of the individual becoming more and more homogeneous,education level,an important element of human capital,is hard to effectively explain the wages of migrant workers.Facing the predicament of the above traditional theories,the new human capital theory with the the non-cognitive as its core provides an opportunity for the traditional theory to overcome difficulties.Recent international studies have shown that the impact of non-cognitive ability on individual economic and social performance may be more important than the traditional human capital factors,such as education,which we had previously valued.Therefore,the exploration of non-cognitive ability of migrant workers can not only improve their human capital and improve the quality of their wage level,but also provide suggestions for the government to formulate policies to promote the citizenization of migrant workers.Based on the above research ideas,according to the internationally recognized "Big Five personality" non-cognitive ability model,this paper mainly studies:(1)This paper uses method of Osborne(2000)to deal with the error and endogeneity of the total index non-cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability of each dimension of migrant workers.(2)We construct the theoretical model framework of the impact of non-cognitive ability on the wages of migrant workers.(3)The empirical analysis of the impact of non-cognitive ability on the wages of migrant workers.Based on the data of Chinese family tracking survey(CFPS)in2010 and 2012,an OLS regression is constructed to analyze the impact of non-cognitive ability of migrant workers on their wage income,the Heckman two step model is used to correct the sample bias problem.Secondly,we explored the difference of the return rate of total index of migrant workers’ non-cognitive ability and the non-cognitive ability of each dimension in terms of gender,educational level and occupation categories and the quantile regression results of non-cognitive ability.(4)We decompose the gender wage differentials of migrant workers by their non-cognitive ability.The results are as follows:(1)the non-cognitive ability ignored by the traditional human capital theory has a significant positive effect on the wages of migrant workers,the noncognitive ability increases by 1,and the wage income increases by 5.6%;In terms of dimensions,the return rates of emotional stability,agreeableness and conscientiousness were7.50%,6% and 11.1%,respectively.Among them,the rate of return to humanity is very close to that of educational age(7.4%),and the rate of conscientiousness is even higher than that of education.(2)Comparing the groups of gender,cultural degree and occupation category,the return rate of the emotional stability is more significant for the wage income of male migrant workers,while the return rates of conscientiousness are very significant for the wage income of both male and female migrant workers.Under the level of education,the return rates of the total index of non-cognitive ability,emotional stability and conscientiousness are very significant in the group of migrant workers with the educational degree of primary school or below.Under the occupational category,the non-cognitive ability is significant in the middle and low occupational categories.(3)The regression results of quantiles of non-cognitive abilities shows that the return rate of total index of non-cognitive ability is significant in the middle stage income(0.50 and 0.75).As for every dimension,the non-cognitive return rate of the middle and low income groups of the migrant workers are higher in the emotional stability dimension and the agreeable dimension,while the conscientiousness is significant almost under all the individual quantile segments,but the highest return rate is still in the low income segment.(4)When the non-cognitive ability of the gender wage gap has been decomposed,it can be seen that the non-cognitive ability in the decomposition results accounts for 4.1% of the total difference and is significant at the level of 5%.In terms of every dimension,emotional stability also plays an important role in explaining the gender wage gap,which also accounts for 4.1% of the total difference and is significant at the level of 5%.Based on the above findings,the study believes that the non-cognitive ability training of migrant workers according to gender,educational level,professional category or income level should be an important strategy to improve the wages of migrant workers.This study also provide policy recommendations for the government to improve the income level of farmers and promote the citizenization of migrant workers.