A Longitudinal Study On The Regularity Of Development Of Children Running

SubjectAccording to the viewpoint of action development,this study uses kinematic biomechanical test methods and means to carry out the kinematics analysis on the running behaviors of young children,discussing the age characteristics of running activities and the differences of running activities in different ages so as to achieve accurate objectively describe the purpose of the development of children's running action.Based on this,select the index which changes significantly with age as the kinematic sensitive index for the development of children's running action and provide a scientific basis for quantitative evaluation of running action.MethodForty-eight healthy children aged 3.5 years in Beijing were selected as follow-up test subjects for this study.The follow-up time was 2 years and every 6 months were tested.The Qualisys three-dimensional motion capture system was used to collect the subjects' running motion characteristics,and the kinematics data was analyzed using Visual3 D software.Statistics using the normal distribution test,single factor repeated measures analysis of variance and discriminant analysis to compare the similarities and differences among children of different age groups and to screen the kinematics sensitive indicators of children's running movement development.Result1.The running characteristics of 3.5-year-olds are: small pace,fast pace and slow pace,long support time and short swinging time in all gait cycles;weak ability of cushioning and stretching in lower limbs,Raise the thigh to maintain body balance;torso torsion and forward tilt amplitude is small,poor stability;upper limb swing amplitude is small,manifested as straight arm swinging.The ability of the trunk and upper limbs to maintain physical stability and to coordinate lower limb movements is poor.2.4.0 and 4.5 years of age belong to the transitional period of running action development,the overall slow development,compared with 3.5 years of main performance in the upper limbs and torso movement range,balancing the lower limb swing caused by the body unbalance,physical stability Sex increases,step and pace also increase.3.After 4.5 years of rapid development of running action,5.0 and 5.5 years of age when the running movements are characterized by: large pace,fast pace,fast paced,the entire gait cycle,short support time,swing a long time;knee and ankle Joint actively involved in the buffer and pedal stretch,hip and knee swing more fully.Upper extremity flexor flexibly swing back and forth,torso torsion and anteversion amplitude,with the increase in the amplitude of the upper limbs and torso,lower extremity pedaling swing more coordinated.On the whole,after 5.0,the coordinating modes of various aspects of the body approached those of adults,but there was still a big gap between the magnitude of exercise and adults.4.This study screened the kinematic indicators of 35 young children's running movements and obtained six kinematic sensitive indicators that can be used to distinguish the development level of running movements in different age groups.The angle of the ankle joint at the time of the ground,the flexion and extension of the ankle joint at the extension stage,the flexion and extension of the shoulder joint during the swinging stage,the pace of the hip joint,and the amplitude of the hip flexion and extension at the swing stage.Conclusion1.With the growth of age,young children's running movements gradually tend to mature direction,mainly in the following: the proportion of supporting period decreased in the whole gait cycle,the proportion of swing period increased,the step length increased,the pace increased;knee joint And the ankle will be more actively involved in the buffer and pedal stretch;thigh lift no longer elevated to maintain body balance,hip and knee swing more fully;trunk and upper limb movement gradually increased,to better maintain the body Stabilize and coordinate leg movement.2.Overall,the running activities of young children are steadily continuing to develop,but their rates of development are uneven among all ages.Among them,the development is slow in 3.5 to 4.0 years and the rapid development in 4.5 to 5.5 years.3.During the running of a child,the range of motion of the shoulder joint during swinging of the upper limb and the flexion angle of the elbow joint during the forward swing;the angle and amplitude of the motion of the ankle joint during the extension of the lower limbs;the amplitude and pace of the hip joint during the swing;The change in age is the most significant and should be taken into account when quantifying the movements of young children.