| The degree of integration of Thai Chinese and local people is the most in Southeast Asia.Since ancient times,the exchanges between China and Thailand have been close.Since 1850,there has been another upsurge of Chinese emigration to Thailand.For economic purposes,Chinese people are actively engaged in business,industry and other economic activities in Thailand,so as to obtain the capital to return to their hometown in order to form a unique Chinese society in Chinese settlements.In the process of economic production,the participation of Chinese in Thai politics has been increasing;cultural customs have changed imperceptibly,showing the coexistence of Chinese and Thai cultural elements;the change from believing in local religion to believing in multiple religions has raised the recognition of Thailand to a higher stage.The Chinese identity has changed under the joint action of the two forces,namely,the pull and push.From the royal family and the government of Thailand to the local Thai people,they are able to provide convenience for the Chinese to move and settle down,which is an important reason why the Chinese can settle down peacefully.The transformation of Chinese national identity is also a process in which Chinese have made great contributions to the development of Thailand.This paper is divided into four chapters.The first chapter mainly discusses the basic situation of the Chinese in Thailand in the 19 th century.The reasons for the Chinese to break through the feudal shackles of the nanyang and choose Thailand among many countries,the number and structure of Chinese immigrants to Thailand from 1850 to 1910 are elaborated in detail.The fundamental reason is the contradiction between people and land,the labor legal to go abroad as the driving force,the moderate and preferential policies of the Thai government as the driving force,which together contributed to the mass migration of Chinese in the southeast coast to Thailand.At this time,the number of Chinese in Thailand is relatively vague,but it is roughly between 600,000 and 1 million,mainly young and middle-aged,mainly engaged in commerce,plantation economy,mining and other industries.The second chapter mainly discusses the process of the transformation of Thai Chinese to Thai national identity.Thai Chinese first came to Thailand,striving to realize their economic ambitions and dream of returning home one day in prosperity.Through the establishment of the Chinese society,they successfully formed an invisible Chinese society in a foreign country,taking care of each other in life and forming the industry monopoly in economy,etc.,thus restoring Chinese elements to the greatest extent within the society.Not only that,the Chinese even mail the income back home.Because the economy is the primary goal,more room for development requires better integration and a political voice.With the passage of time,the Thai Chinese gradually formed a political,cultural,and religious changes in the Thai national identity.The third chapter mainly discusses the factors influencing the gradual transformation of Thai Chinese national identity.The transformation of Thai Chinese national identity also came from two forces,the pull from Thailand and the push from the Qing government.Before 1910,the Thai government adopted a tolerant and friendly policy towards the Chinese.Special preferential treatment was given to the Chinese in entry,military service,taxes and corvee.Thailand,forced into the capitalist market economy,objectively gave the Chinese a good opportunity to develop business.Rama iv and rama v made great efforts to reform and develop infrastructure,and the great demand for labor satisfied the Chinese people’s desire to get rich.In addition to the government,Thai society also has a good acceptance of Chinese,mainly reflected in the intermarriage between Chinese and Thai women.The impetus from the qing government was mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand,the local government’s extortion and oppression;on the other hand,the discrimination from overseas Chinese blood clan.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the historical influence of the gradual transformation of Thai Chinese national identity.After the formation of the Chinese identity of Thailand,in terms of economic freedom,promoting the development of Thailand’s industrial and agricultural economy.In the process of forming the Chinese identity to Thailand,the economic,political and cultural rights and interests of the Chinese were gradually satisfied.The stable,enthusiastic and dynamic "new Chinese immigrants" group promoted the political stability of Thailand.The Chinese descendants made great contributions to the transformation of Thailand from feudal monarchy to constitutional monarchy,and promoted the progress of Thai politics.The Chinese migrated to Thailand and brought with them a lot of traditional Chinese culture.The spread of Chinese culture in Thailand not only met the needs of the local Chinese,but also enriched the spiritual world of the Thai people.In short,during the period from 1850 to 1910,the Chinese not only realized their economic purpose,but also gradually completed the transformation of national identity of Thailand,promoting the development of Thai politics,economy and culture. |
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