A Study Of Marx's View Of Press Freedom In The Rhine

Freedom is an imp ortant pursuit of our human society,which has been deeply explored by countless thinkers.As a thinker who has great influence on history,Marx's works and thoughts have been widely studied for a long time.Throughout Marx's life,starting from 1842 when he began to write for the Rhine newspaper,the newspaper business had an important influence on Marx's ideological process.When Marx was writing for the rheinische zeit,he began to pay more attention to the social reality and put forward many novel arguments on the news theory.However,he carried out a resolute struggle against the Prussian censorship of books and newspapers at that time and published a large number of political papers to promote the development of press freedom.As Marx left the university and stepped into the society,he began to enter the social practice.Various social realities aroused Marx's deep thinking and provided abundant resources for the formation-of his thoughts.After a great deal of contact with social reality,Marx returned to his study and reflected on the transformation and development of the whole society from the perspective of philosophy.Finally,he completed the crystallization of his own thought--communism,and constructed his own theoretical system under the guidance of this thought.Therefore,freedom of the press is not only the goal that Marx pursues,but also plays a powerful role in promoting the formation of the communist ideological system.The full text is composed of four parts.The first part summarizes the background of press freedom in the Marx era.The trend of liberalism triggered by the European bourgeois revolution is the historical source of press freedom.The bourgeois revolution spawned a series of ideological concepts of gifted human rights,natural rights and social contracts,and the idea of press freedom developed under the tradition of liberalism.Then,in the early 19th century,the feudal economies of Prussia and Rhine in Germany began to disintegrate and capitalism developed rapidly.The great conflict between the bourgeois demand for freedom policies and the feudal dictatorship of the government at that time was the background of Marx's pursuit of press freedom.This contradiction has in practice promoted the rise of bourgeois liberal movements such as the "Undergraduate Association","The Youth-Germany Political-Literary Movement"and "The Youth-Hegel Philosophy-Political Movement".The Prussian government's censorship orders are completely contradictoxy to the emerging bourgeoisie's pursuit of freedom of speech and publication.The second part is to sort out Marx's press freedom by reviewing the texts of "Reviewing Prussia's Recent Books and Censorship Order" and "The Debate of the 6th Rheinland Parliament-Debate on the Freedom of Publication and Announcement of Hierarchy Meetings" Thoughts,as well as summarizing the characteristics of press freedom in Marx's "Rheinland" period,include holism,dialectics,history,equality,and class.In the"Review of Prussia's Recent Books and Censorship Orders",the book and newspapers inspection order issued in 1819 nominally lifted the restrictions on publications and was essentially hypocritical.The new inspection order for books and newspapers is more serious than the old one,deliberately replacing the essence of morality with appearance.Marx also believes that it is obviously unfair for the inspection order to make the way of thinking the object of law,and at the same time criticizes the new inspection order for the appointment of newspaper editors.In the Debate of the Sixth Rheinland Parliament-Debate on Press Freedom and Publication of Proceedings,Marx believes that press freedom is the prerogative of the human spirit and the universal right of man.At the same time,it criticizes the book inspection system as not conducive to Germany For the development of spirit,the inspection method of books and newspapers is different from the publication method.The inspection method is not a law,but a clumsy means of prevention.The publication method is a measure of freedom.The third part is a logical demonstration of Marx's press freedom.The discussion proceeds from four aspects:first the foundation of Marx's thought on press freedom:freedom is the essence of human spirit.The inspection system of books and newspapers is the imprisonment of spiritual freedom.Second,the sublimation of freedom is the overlap between "free newspapers" and "people's newspapers".Free newspapers constitute the realization and protection of people's newspapers.People's newspapers constitute the internal rational content of free newspapers.The combination of the two is the real realization of freedom..This reflects the fact that it is necessary to abolish any book inspection system that restricts publication.Third,by exposing the essence of freedom as the human spirit to the clarification of free newspapers and the spirit of the people,Marx came to the argument that press and publication freedom construct public reason.Only in this way can freedom be truly realized.Fourth,the code is the bible of people's freedom,and the censorship order of books and newspapers is a strangulation of people's freedom.Only by establishing a press law that conforms to public reason can the freedom of the press be realized and guaranteed.The fourth part analyzes the thought of press freedom formed during the period of Marx's "Rheinland".First,the essence of the rationalist view of the state refers to human freedom,and the state is the rational embodiment of freedom.Criticized the feudal dictatorship of the Prussian government,restored the moral essence of the country's free rationality,and fully praised the freedom and power of the public.Then,based on Hegel's rationalist view of the state,Marx paid tribute to the glory of the people's spirit.Individuals joined together into the same national rational spirit through self-cultivation and moral construction.However,in the face of cruel social reality,materialism factors also penetrated into his press freedom thoughts during this period,which played an important role in his move towards materialism.Viewing rationality as the essence of the world and ignoring the material foundation is also where his thinking was not mature during the "Rheinland".