The Study On The Adjustment And Reinforcement Of Shanghai’s Grain Planning Supply System,1958—1965

The grain issue is both an economic and a political issue,and has always been valued and concerned by the Party and state leaders.The united purchasing and marketing system of grain was the product of China’s planned economy,which is a hot issue in academic research.This paper based on Shanghai,a representative city,takes "Great Leap Forward" and the great famine of 1959-1961 as the background,uses a lot of documents,then analyzes and studies the contents,characteristics,effects and social impact of the Shanghai grain program supply system in the period from1958 to 1965,so as to understand the life of urban residents in the famine period and the whole operation of the Shanghai grain program supply system,and then summarize the experiences and lessons of the grain work,and hope to provide references for future grain work.In the early stages of the operation of the grain planning supply system,there was a lot of issues in shanghai,such as quantitative disorder,waste of food,the chaos of the food bills and the outflow of food products,so that the number of food sales was higher every year.Moreover,with the development of "Left" dumping error,under the influence of the erroneous thoughts such as high index,quart,and the occurrence of natural disasters,the grain production of China has dropped sharply,which resulted in three years of the most serious economic trouble since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Shanghai was the largest industrial city in China,with grain transferred mainly from other places,but the grain situation was rather tense at that time.In order to reverse the severe situation caused by the "Great Leap Forward" and basic guarantee the city’s grain supply and to maintain the basic development of industry,Shanghai have adopted a series of measures.First,simplifying the urban population,rectifying grain rations and carrying out grain-saving campaigns to achieve the goal of reducing urban grain sales.Second,through adjusting grain subsidies for work type and controlling night meal subsidiesstrictly controlled the distribution of subsidies.Third,eliminating exchanges of grain ticket between Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,improving ticket management methods,and strengthening ticket management to improve the grain ticket system.Fourth,reducing grain outflows,increasing grain transfers,reducing grain recall to ensure adequate grain sources while strengthening grain circulation management.Although in the process of institutional adjustment,there have been a series of problems,such as the lack of propagandizing on grain policy,the inconsistency of policies and the unreasonable arrangement of grain arrangements.In general,under the leadership of the Party and the government,with the participation and support of people,Shanghai has not only ensured the daily grain needed by residents,but also basically maintained the operation of the industry,and fully demonstrated the Party’s ability to deal with grain supply and demand and allocation issues in times of grain shortage.