A Methodology Study Of Amartya Sen's Theory Of Justice And An Analysis Based On The Marxism

The study of justice can be divided into two theoretical camps.The first faction is a method of justice research that focuses on institutional arrangements.It is transcendental institutionalism.This school adopts a contractual thinking model and is committed to exploring absolute justice under the ideal social system.The second faction is a “research on reality” method of justice,namely,realistic comparativeism.This faction pays attention to the real society and compares various social conditions that may or may appear in reality,and finds out which kind of society is relatively fair standards.Sen believes that the method of transcendental institutionalism is neither feasible nor superfluous for the theory of justice,and it has the potential to make global justice unrealized because of the narrowness of the region.He clearly pointed out that he has adopted a comparative method of “focusing on reality”.What he needs to do is to compare the progress of social reality in order to study the progress or regression of justice in order to promote the realization of justice.He proposed a set of alternative contract theories-focusing on comparative evaluation rather than transcendental perfection schemes;paying attention to human behavior in reality,not just institutions and rules;replacing incomplete evaluations with incomplete evaluations;Voices beyond the concluding parties are not limited to certain social groups.Recognizing that there is clearly inequitable injustice is the core content of Sen's justice theory.Sen's theory of justice is based on inquisitive unfairness as a starting point to carry out critical discourse.Sen advocates inquiring into the causes of injustice on the basis of rational thinking and within the framework of public reasoning to determine whether the feeling of injustice is correct.,make judgments on fairness and injustice.In the process of judging fairness or otherwise,Sen advocates that the core content is a comparative method of social choice theory,which requires a comparative ranking of various social conditions so that people can make relatively fair judgments.In this process,we must base ourselves on the social reality.We must pay attention to the system as well as people's behavior.We must adhere to the generalized outcome theory and achieve justice in the sense of justice.With regard to the information basis for justice judgment,Sen puts forward an information foundation focusing on feasible capabilities on the basis of the utility of utilitarianism,individual liberty of liberalism,and Rawls' right to freedom.Sen has gradually approached justice with injustice,focused on the comparative study of justice,broadened the scope of justice research,got rid of the mainstream political philosophy contractual thinking model,has a new perspective and direction,and provided us with a new paradigm for conducting justice research.Sen's theory of justice and Marx's theory of justice follow the same path,that is,realistic comparativeism.Therefore,there are some similarities between the two justice theories.For example,they both start from the social reality,compare people's different lifestyles,pay attention to the disadvantaged groups,and advocate the elimination of deprivation and injustice.Putting justice into the happy life that people can live in,focusing on the improvement of people's ability and the realization of free and comprehensive development.Of course,from the perspective of Marxism,Sen's justice theory also has some flaws.For instance,the analysis of injustice only stays at the surface and does not analyze the historical roots of justice.His inequitability stems from the lack of intellectual thinking,and the wrong choice of information foundation,which does not touch on the mode of production and social foundation.This also makes Marx and Sen different from the path of advancing justice on the practical level.Marx advocates justice through the abolition of capitalist private ownership,the elimination of exploitation,and the establishment of a communist system.What Sen advocated was to rely on reason and wisdom to reach consensus on the obvious injustice,eliminate injustice,and gradually get closer to justice.This is a way to constantly improve on the basis of the existing ones.At present,China is in the critical period of comprehensively deepening reforms.Social contradictions are prominent.Social inequalities are frequent.People pay more attention to injustice than attention to justice.People can accept a seemingly fair society but cannot tolerate it.There are many injustices in practice.Sen uses unfairness as a logical starting point to reach consensus on obvious injustices,gradually eliminate social injustices,and use unfair and fair approaches to advance progress,which has guiding significance for solving social inequality in our country and building a harmonious society.