| Dongxiang belongs to Fuzhou City,which lies in the east of Jiangxi,and its dialect is the representative of the Fuguang branch of the Gan dialect.This article mainly discusses the syntactic and semantic features of the passive markers “? shi”,“? de”,“? tuo” and “? bei” in Dongxiang dialect,examines the characteristics of marked passive sentences in this area,and explains the contact between Dongxiang dialect and surrounding dialects from the perspective of typology,so as to provides a reference for the study of dialect grammar.The thesis is divided into four chapters.The introduction explains the historical development and geography of Dongxiang,describes the basic situation of Dongxiang dialect and previous studies.There are many achievements in phonetic research and the research on vocabulary and grammar is relatively weak,especially the syntactic research on passive sentences.Marked passive sentence is an important sentence pattern of Dongxiang dialect.By understanding the passive sentence of Gan dialect in Dongxiang,the evolution trend of Gan dialect in this area is explored,so as the mutual promotion of passive sentence research in other dialect areas.The second chapter introduces the basic usages and grammatical sources of the four passive marks of the Dongxiang dialect.It is found that these four passive markers can replace each other,but there are also differences.The differences are mainly reflected in sentence structure,geographical distribution,and frequency of use.For example,“? bei” and “? tuo” can construct a passive sentence as NP1 agent + M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood;M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood;NP1 agent + M + VP + Aux / Mood;NP1 agent + M + NP2 agent + VP + Aux / Mood + NP3,but the passive mark “? shi” can not appear in the third sentence.This chapter also analyzes the grammaticalization sources and paths of the four passive marker words from a diachronic point of view,pointing out that the grammaticalization path of “?tuo” is “bearing meaning?suffering meaning?passive meaning”,and the grammaticalization path of “? de” is “acquiring meaning" ? passive meaning”,the grammatical path of “? shi” is “ judgment meaning ? willing definition ? emphasis meaning ? passive meaning”,and “? bei” originates from “suffering meaning”.The third chapter Dongxiang dialect discusses the characteristics of the constituent elements of marked passive sentences.Investigate the syntactic semantics of the NP1,NP2,NP3 and core predicate components VP of the Dongxiang dialect marked passive sentences,and summarize the overall sentence meaning of the marked passive sentences.It is pointed out that NP1,as an argument of the subject,is composed of body words or body-sentence phrases,which are mostly things with vital characteristics,and the predicate component can also serve as NP1.NP2 and NP3 have similar syntactic and semantic features as NP1,but NP2 as an agent cannot be played by predicate components.NP3 is generally the leading attribute of NP1.VP can be used as a single polished verb,or it can be combined with additional components.The VP structure can be divided into verb-complement,verb-object,etc.The fourth chapter compares the marked passive sentences of Dongxiang dialect with surrounding dialects.Analyze the similarities and differences among them,and point out that Dongxiang dialect's passive mark and“??Hakka”“?Wu”,“?Xiang”,“?Min”dialects have five common features,such as the acting argument NP2 is generally not hidden;VP can be used in conjunction with the auxiliary words“?zhe”“?le”and“?guo”;VP is generally a single-syllable verb,etc.According to the similarities and differences in the characteristics of the comparison of marked passive sentences between dialects,it is pointed out that the similarity between Dongxiang dialect and the surrounding dialects is:Xiang>Min>Hakka>Wu. |
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