A Study Of Du Daojian’s Thoughts From The Perspective Of The Integration Of Three Religions

Du Daojian was a famous Taoist of maoshanzong who was active in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.He had many friends with the powerful and literati of the song and Yuan Dynasties,and he had many disciples.He had a great influence in Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas,so that the center of Maoshanzong was transferred to the area of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.He wrote a lot of books,some of which were issued by the imperial court,passed down from generation to generation,such as道德玄经原旨,玄经原旨发挥,通玄真经缵义,关尹子阐玄,etc.This paper takes the four biographical annotations as the core,in the perspective of the integration of the three religions of song and Yuan Dynasty,examines their affairs,explores their contacts with various schools of Song and Yuan Dynasty,so as to reveal their ideological context and their integration in the three religions Joint efforts.In addition to the introduction and conclusion,this paper consists of five chapters,which can be divided into three parts from the content:The first part is the first chapter,which makes a textual research on Du Daojian’s life,his learning and his works.Du Daojian has four teachers in chronological order:Mr.Geng(Shishan),Ge Shizhong(Meng’an),Jiang Zongying(Maoshan),Taoist Xie(Danyang).Among them,Jiang Zongying,the 38 th generation of Maoshan Daoism,is the most important,while Zhou Defang and Zhao Siqi are the most famous among his students.In terms of his works,in addition to the four annotations,there are poems,preface,notes,inscriptions,calligraphy works and so on.In addition,this chapter also attempts to restore Du Daojian’s position in the historical events such as Visit Boyan at risk,Buddhism and Taoism debating in Dadu.The second part includes the second chapter to the fourth chapter,from the political thought,the theory of mind and nature,the theory of cultivation three aspects to analyze its thought and the characteristics of the integration of the three religions.Among them,the second chapter narrates his political thoughts with皇道帝德论as the center,and reveals the historical background of the emergence of皇道帝德论and its relationship with Shao Yong’s book of皇极经世书.Du Daojian interpreted the classics with history,and also showed the characteristics of Confucianism in the ideal personality.He respected the governance mode of the sage personality and the sage complementary to the monarch and the people.The third chapter is the study of Du Daojian’s theory of mind and nature.The main material of this chapter is关尹子阐玄.In Du Daojian’s words,mind and nature have the same status.He discusses them in different levels,such as ontology,morality and subject.In the ontology level,mind has generative nature.All things and even emotions are generated from mind,and"mind"and"Tao"are the same.At the same time,he also advocates"the mind"and"I"is the same.He borrowed the concept of"空"in Buddhism,and thought that the way of"心空"and"性空"is to realize Tao lies in forgetting both things and myself.The fourth chapter studies the theory of cultivation.His theory of cultivation combines Zen and Neo Confucianism,pays attention to daily use and routine,attaches great importance to the status of ethics,advocates observing and following the rules of nature and human society to enter the Holy Land.Although he said that life and mind are equally important,in fact,he pays more attention to the cultivation of mind and nature.The third part is the fifth chapter,the orientation and evaluation of his life and academic.In the early phase,Maoshan Daoism appeared the trend of opening and merging,so it was very prosperous in Tang Dynasty.Du Daojian inherited its tradition and continued to integrate new Confucianism and Buddhism.In the aspect of the theory of mind and nature and the theory of cultivation,he inherited the theory of quiet and forgetting,paid attention to the behavior in daily life,advocated that the form and the spirit are all wonderful,but paid more attention to the cultivation of the spirit,echoing the Quanzhen Taoism and the inner alchemy.皇道帝德论and the pursuit of excellent access to Holy Land advocated by him show the appearance of Maoshan Taoism’s ideological innovation.In terms of sectarian relations,Du Daojian is not a Quanzhen Taoist,but he has contacts with the Taoists in Quanzhen Taoism,Tianshi Taoism in Longhushan and its branch metaphysics.He may have contacts with Lingbao Donghua Taoism,Shenxiao Taoism.His disciples,such as Zhao Siqi and Zhou Xuanchu,are more like integration.