Self-other Decision-making Difference In The Information From Descriptive And Experience

People makes a lot of decisions every day,thus the problem about decision-making has been concerned by economists and psychologists.For a long time,researchers have been presenting decision options for participants in the laboratory with certain probability and outcome information,participants were asked to choose between options,in this,researcher could explore people's decision-making laws.However,in some real life decision-making situations,people often can't get clear probability and outcome information about decision options,so they need to make choices based on their own experience.Researchers call this decision-making based on their own experience as decisions from experience,and the decision-making that provides clear probability and result information to subjects as decisions from descriptive.And found that there is a "gap" between decisions from descriptive and decisions from experience,that is to say,individuals will performed different risk tendency on same decision problem because of the different decision paradigm.In addition,in daily life,people not only make decisions for themselves,but also for others.However,for many reasons,people's risk tendency when making decisions for others is different from that when making decisions for themselves.Compared with decisions for themselves,some researches show that people's decision for others involves more risk-taking,but some research show that decision for others involves more risk aversion,and what's the reason about this phenomenon,different researchers have different views.In the past,the research about self-other decision-making difference was to present clear probability and result information of decision-making options to the participants.But in real life,people sometimes need to make decisions for others based on experience,so what kind of risk tendency will individuals show if they make decisions for others based on information from experience? In this study,three experiments were conducted to explore the differences of self-other decision-making difference when decision-making information was presented in different ways.In Experiment 1,decisions from description paradigm was used to explore whether self-other decision-making differences would occur when descriptive information was presented;in Experiment 2,decisions from experience paradigm was used to explore what kind of self-other decision-making differences would appear when decisions from experience,and whether description experience differences would occur;in Experiment 3 The descriptive information and empirical information are presented at the same time to explore whether the individual will show self-other decision-making differences under the situation of gain and loss,and which information the individual depends on to make decisions.The results show that:(1)In decisions from description,.participants decision for themselves different from for others,they choice more risk options for others than for themselves,and participants make more risk-taking in loss situation than gain situation;(2)In decision from experience,there are differences in individual's risk tendency in selfother decision-making,and the participants choice more risk options for self than for others in gain situation,and there is no difference between self and others in decisionmaking in loss situation;(3)When descriptive information and empirical information are presented at the same time,there is no significant difference in individual's risk tendency in self-others decision-making;(4)When two kinds of information are presented at the same time,they are more dependent on exprience information when choice for self;when choice for others,they are also more dependent on experience than description information in loss situation,and they are both dependent on experience and description in gain situation.