Research On Discipline Training In Universities In Kuomintang-Controlled Areas During The Anti-Japanese War

Ideological and political education refers to the social practice activities with the use of certain ideological concepts,political views,and moral norms by society or social groups to exert a purposeful,planned,and organized influence on their members,so that they can form ideas that meet the needs of a certain society or a certain class."(By Zhang Yaocan)Therefore,although the concept of " Ideological and Political Education " originated from the literature of the Communist Party of China,the study of the history of it cannot be limited to the Communist Party of China,but should include " history of ideological and political education in different countries and at different times at home and abroad." ".(By Liu Jianjun)During the 22 years of the existence of the Nanjing National Government,especially during the eight years of the outbreak of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War(1937)to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War(1945),the Kuomintang regime had made considerable efforts in the ideological and political education of the university.Based on the firsthand archives and the current newspapers and periodicals,try to sort out the lessons to give a glimpse of their lessons.During the eight years,the main form of the ideological and political education of the Kuomintang in universities(mainly limited to the universities in its directly ruling areas,hereinafter referred to as the “Universities in Kuomintang-controlled areas”)was the discipline.The central institution for the implementation of the discipline was discipline committee under the Ministry of Education.The Discipline Committee is the first institution established by the Kuomintang government to directly manage the students' thoughts and behaviors at all levels of schools.It is also an important academic institution responsible for the research,guidance and planning of discipline at all levels of schools across the country.This paper takes the Discipline Committee as the main research object,and analyzes the establishment and practical role of the university discipline organization in the Kuomintang-controlled areas during the Anti-Japanese War.By combing the organization and operation of the Discipline Committee and sketching its variation,it shows that the Kuomintang government attaches great importance to the discipline in school.The main tasks of the discipline committee can be analyzed.From the side,the Kuomintang government tries to use the discipline to control the students' thoughts and behaviors,publicize the ideology,and realize its goal of building the country and uniting the mind.Not only that,the Discipline Committee,as the administrative body of the Kuomintang government during the Anti-Japanese War,was the only administrative agency responsible for school training at all levels in the country.In order to cooperate with the Kuomintang government's goal of “building the country through the war”,it strengthened student management,moral training,and physical exercise.The cultivation of national concepts and national consciousness has also played a positive role in stimulating students' patriotism,national self-respect and promoting national unity.However,because the Kuomintang government placed the school under its management,strictly controlled the students' ideological behavior,and a series of discipline measures to promote the Kuomintang ideology,the discipline committee was considered to consolidate the essential attributes of its autocratic rule.In addition,since its inception,the Discipline Committee has been highly valued by Chiang Kai-shek and has consistently ranked the discipline system as the first of all levels of schools and social education in the country.The organization of the Disciplinary Committee has been adjusted according to the situation of the Anti-Japanese War.Even after the end of the Anti-Japanese War,the Discipline Committee has been retained.The reactionary nature of the Kuomintang regime determines that the failure of ideological and political education centered on discipline is inevitable,but this does not mean that the study of the ideological and political education of the Kuomintang regime is meaningless.We can still learn some lessons and consult from it.