The Research Of The Division And Bridging Between Revolution And Nationality Focusing On Lao She’s Tea House,Sacred Boxer And Beneath The Red Banner

As a dynasty established by "alien" and as the last feudal dynasty of China,the Qing Dynasty faced different ethnic issues at the beginning of the establishment of the great unified empire.It ruled a country which included Han nationality with thousands of years of cultural tradition and some powerful ethnic groups such as Mongolia,Hui,and Tibet in the border areas.On the one hand,it must learn advanced culture and strive for the right to inherit the righteous status.On the other hand,it must also be alert to the "corrosion" of the Han nationality culture and must maintain the subjectivity of the Manchurian nation.In the face of other frontier nationalities,the Qing emperors and the entire Manchurian played a role differing from the Han emperors of the past,and the feature of the Manchurian nationality was highlighted.The Qing Dynasty had been established at Beijing for 260 years,and it was finally destroyed by internal and external crises.When communicated with the modernization trend of capitalist and imperialist world and transformed from the feudal empire to the modern nation-state,it also left a complicated national problem:the feudal forces restored after the Revolution of 1911,and the Manchu aristocrats colluded with the Japanese to establish the pseudo-Manchurian state.On the other hand,the "frontier China" narration brought a "sequela" in the Kuomintang,which caused many uncertainties to the revolutionary war of national independence.Who is the most appropriate and prominent thinker of these issues? Lao She took on such a task.As a Manchu writer from the Beijing City flag soldier family,he is also a "progressive writers".Lao She’s works and thoughts contain the complex relationship between the “revolution” and "nation" which were the keywords of twentieth-century.He has experienced such a process: from the very beginning,he confessed his Manchu identity because of the trauma caused by the Revolution of 1911,and when he faced the foreigners during the War of Resistance,he recognized the identity of the Chinese nation.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,he created the drama Teahouse,Sacred Boxer and the autobiographic fiction Beneath the Red Banner taking up the position of the narrator of Manchu history and the thinker of Manchu culture.These three masterpieces are historical subjects.The Teahouse and Beneath the Red Banner describe the experiences and emotion of the manchurian people since the late Qing Dynasty.Sacred Boxer shows the heroic struggle of the Boxer Rebellion,and it is also the concentrated expression of Lao She’s opinion about the relationship between China and foreign nationalities.Therefore,this article believes that Manchu/ethnic writings in Lao She’s works Teahouse,Sacred Boxer and Beneath the Red Banner are very important.In these three works,Lao She has set his sights on the late Qing,and we can see his efforts to propose and explore the problems of his own nation.In the Teahouse,the Manchu problem is manifested in the fall of the economic and social status of the banner group and the confusion of national identity.In Sacred Boxer,the Manchu problem is manifested in the corruption and military failure of the Manchu rulers.In the Beneath the Red Banner,the Manchu problem is more profoundly expressed in the culture,in the commonplace of including eating,drinking and playing.These three works reflect the overall thinking of Lao She on the relationship among Manchu,Han and Foreign ethnic groups.There are two common lines in the performance and handling of ethnic issues,namely,“anti-imperialist narrative” and “understratum narrative”.This is not only the writing and thinking process of Lao She himself,but also the revolutionary“methodology” of the Communist Party of China.Through such writings,Lao She has obtained the cultural self-confidence for the ruling of the nation,and also found a way to express himself and establish a subjectivity for the Manchu.So,the main part of this paper is composed of the analysis of Manchu writings in these three works.Firstly,it will analyze several protagonists of manchurian people in Teahouse,and explore the mismatch of historical cognition under the influence of national consciousness;secondly,it will analyze the drama Sacred Boxer,exploring Lao She’s national psychology and explaining how the discovery of this new national spirit affects his comprehension of the revolution;lastly,it will analyze Beneath the Red Banner and examine the connotation of the so-called "two hundred years of banner culture" and explore its role in shaping national consciousness.Through the reformulation of the national writings in Lao She’s works,this paper hold that writer transcended the limitations of nationalism and enlightenment.Lao She also tells the revolutionary story deeply rooted in the hearts of the people through the writings of the nation.This is another peak of Lao She’s own literary road and a successful answer to the problems of the Chinese revolution in the 20 th century.