A Study Of The Disposal Of German Debt By The Beijing Government During And After The First World War

During The First World War,Beijing's foreign policy toward Germany shifted from neutrality to a declaration of war.With the change of foreign policy towards Germany,how to deal with the huge debt problem between China and Germany,as well as how to solve it after the war,has become one of the urgent problems facing Beijing.In modern times,the debt relationship between China and Germany is complex and involves a wide range of debt,among which the government debt is even larger.Therefore,the disposal of German debt by the Beijing government during and after World War I was mainly government debt.After declaring war on Germany,the Beijing government began to deal with the debts and related problems according to the public international law,which stopped paying all German debts,banned and took over all German business activities and assets in China,with a view to serving as the main collateral for negotiations with Germany after the war.After the end of The First World War,the Beijing government began to actively consider the issue of debt and compensation for Germany during the war,and combined the assets received and managed during the war with the debt and compensation.Under the guidance of pragmatic attitude,the debt compensation problem was finally solved.This paper will make a comprehensive investigation and analysis on thedisposal of German debt problem by Beijing government during and after The Tirst World War.During and after The First World War,the Beijing government's disposal of German debt basically began in March 1917 when the Beijing government severed diplomatic ties with Germany,and ended in June1924 when the Sino-German treaty was exchanged.This paper is divided into five parts: the first part starts with the formation of the Sino-Foreign debt relationship in modern times,discusses the causes and general situation of the formation of the Sino-German debt,and mainly analyzes the origin of the first world war and the Sino-German debt problem.The second part mainly introduces the disposal of German debts by the Beijing government during The First World War.It mainly includes two parts,that is,the introduction of the policy after the end of German diplomatic relations and the expansion of the policy after the declaration of war.For example,in addition to the custody of the main debt,the German trade and German assets in China are also restricted and Taken over in order to provide the main guarantee for post-war compensation.The third part introduces the consideration of German debt compensation after The European War and the seeking and settling of claims against Germany.However,The Paris peace conference compensation unit a number of disposal policies are contrary to the interests of the Beijing government,which ultimately prompted theBeijing government to withdraw from The Paris Peace Conference compensation and seek to negotiate with Germany on debt compensation issues alone.The fourth part introduces the Beijing government's withdrawal and the negotiation and settlement of the debt compensation problem between China and Germany after the meeting,that is,through the way of debt compensation,the bond issue of Germany and the compensation problem will be combined,and the debt compensation problem will finally be completely solved after the war.The fifth part makes an objective analysis on the whole process of Beijing government's disposal of Chinese and German debt,summarizes its positive impact and analyzes its shortcomings.During and after The First World War,the disposal and settlement of the German debt problem by the Beijing government faced a relatively complex international environment.The investigation of this issue can not only understand the evolution of China-Germany relations,but also explore the complex Sino-Foreign relations at that time.