The Negotiation Of Missionary Cases In Jiangxi Province In The Late Qing Dynasty

After the Opium War,due to the backwardness and weakness of modern China,Western powers gradually deepened their aggression and plunder of China by force and unequal treaties,while foreign missionaries intensified their missionary activities in modern China by virtue of the privilege of aggression obtained in various treaties.It was the same in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty.In October of the 11 th year of Xianfeng,in order to recover the two former sites of the Catholic Church in Wucheng,French missionaries Luo andang and Fang anzhi firstly entered Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty.Since then,the missionaries from other countries have also poured into Jiangxi?The conflicts between missionaries,fellow believers and local people were continuous,which resulted in a large number of missionary cases,and finally led to the frequent and difficult negotiation of missionary cases in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty.This paper mainly studies the negotiation of missionary cases between China and foreign countries from 1861 to 1911 in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty,it consists of the following six parts:The first part mainly expounds the background of the negotiation of missionary cases in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty and the negotiation procedure between China and foreign countries.In the late Qing Dynasty,the church entered Jiangxi by virtue of its strong power and the unequal rights it seized in the treaty,which resulted in a large number of the missionary cases.For the sake of their own interests,both China and foreign countries must negotiate around the the missionary cases,and finally achieve the balance of their interests.The second part mainly introduces the development of themissionary cases in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty ?The general situation of missionary cases in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty can be divided into four stages: multiple stage,moderate stage,high stage and low stage.This part mainly combined with the background of China in the late Qing Dynasty,analyzed the causes,main types and basic characteristics of the missionary cases in each stage,as well as the relationship with the negotiation of missionary cases.The third to the sixth part,according to the different types of missionary cases,respectively,discusses the four main types of missionary cases negotiations: Church demolished and destroyed,missionaries humiliated and robbed,people sold the foundation and built the church privately,and people coerced the private by the people and religion,in order to restore the real situation of the missionary cases negotiations in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty to the maximum extent.In each type of teaching case negotiation,the Chinese and foreign sides have made fierce negotiation around the responsibility of the missionary cases,punishing local officials,handling troublemakers and compensation.The seventh part mainly summarizes the principles,effects and limitations of the negotiation of missionary cases in Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty.Generally speaking,due to the efforts of the Qing government,the negotiation of missionary cases in Jiangxi Province in the late Qing Dynasty achieved some results.However,due to the disparity of strength between China and foreign countries,there are inevitably limitations.