| In the 1930s,child guidance was introduced to China as a part of mental health.It first appeared in the affiliated institutions of the Department of Psychology of colleges and universities as a place to put psychotherapy theory into practice.By the 1940s,independent child guidance agencies had emerged in Shanghai,Chongqing,and Chengdu,providing behavior guidance services for problem children during the turmoil.This work has opened up a new field in which Chinese psychology serves children’s mental health.However,little attention has been paid to the child guidance working methods and the underlying psychological thoughts in previous studies.This research is a cross-disciplinary study.In terms of research ideas,it tries to combine history with child guidance theory and methods for comprehensive research.It will be discussed from the following aspects:First,child guidance comes from a specific social and cultural background.In the child welfare movement advocated by the government,with the new orientation of mental health and the professional development of medical social work as a help,child guidance came into being.Second,journals usually advertise the operation of the child guidance clinic.Based on the historical data,the heads,working objects and working methods of each child guidance clinic were summarized according to the established timeline,and the characteristics were summarized.Third,child guidance was influenced by various psychological theories in the early days of its birth in the United States.After its introduction into China,some important theories still influence the practice of child workers.By analyzing their public cases and publicity articles,this paper summarizes the psychological theories that guide practice.Fourth,talk with the existing achievements of foreign scholars,analyze the role of political intent and professional competition in the promotion of child guidance,and explore the China-based exploration of child guidance workers’ guiding methods.Child guidance is the product of the preventive tendency of mental health.It changes the understanding of children’s psychological phenomena from isolated research to observation of people in the context of social life.Child guidance includes the cooperation of psychiatrists,psychologists,and social workers.Most of them have experience studying abroad or practical experience of leading domestic institutions.Child guidance work is mainly for problem children,and the goal is to enhance children’s social adaptability and behavioral problems.Child guidance clinics have three specific functions:diagnosis,treatment,and research.Staff in the clinic work from three different professional backgrounds:psychiatry,psychology,and social work in psychiatry.Its guiding theory mainly comes from the psychoanalytic theory and the holistic approach of the psychobiological school to guide children how to actively adapt to society,so it requires higher professional knowledge of staff.Understanding the development process of child guidance has many references and inspirations for improving the level of contemporary children’s mental health services. |
