| As the highest level of imperial examinations,the palace examination is the link most closely related to the emperor.As an important part of the imperial examination system,the palace examination experienced the creation of the Tang Dynasty,the customization of the Song Dynasty,and the transformation of the Yuan Dynasty,and it developed to its peak in the Ming Dynasty.The evolution of the Ming Dynasty's palace examination depended on the emperor's political needs to strengthen imperial power as the scale,showed a clear characteristic of imperial power.the palace examination in the Ming Dynasty was established and developed during the Hongwu-Xuande years.With the growing emphasis on the qualifications of officials,it was steadily consolidated during the Zhengtong-Chengde years.With strengthening.In the process of adapting to the changing needs of the imperial power,the Ming Dynasty court test developed to unprecedented maturity and completeness.The emperor is the key to the smooth running of the hall test program.the palace examination procedures of the Ming Dynasty followed the Song system,and included a series of links from the the palace test to the title of the standing stone.The main examiner of the palace examination was personally served by the emperor,and the candidates for the reader and deacon were appointed by the emperor a few days before the palace examination.The hall examination,reading papers and Chuanlu,spreading the letter and showing the gratitude were presided over by the emperor himself.Although the other emperors did not come in person,they would arrange in advance.The emperor's "hands-on" characteristics make each procedure of the palace test have strict etiquette regulations and operating rules.The emperor personally presided over various grand ceremonies,showing the care of the temple to try to win the warriors.Candidates for the temple test are mostly candidates for future senior officials in the core political area,so the emperor particularly values the candidates for the temple test.In order to secure the right to win the war,the emperor of the Ming Dynasty's control of the temple examination was mainly reflected in the time and place of the temple examination,the strategy,the reading of papers and the banquet of Jinshien.Judging from the time and place of the hall test,the time of the hall test was set on the first day of March after the meeting test.Because the hall test is the emperor's "Lin Xuan testing",and the beginning of March is often burdensome,so the emperor can visit in order often delay the hall test time reasonably.In the twenty-three years of Chenghua(1487),Xianzong changed the date to March 15 to ensure that the temple test was held as scheduled.In order to show the importance of the palace test,the emperor has always set the venue of the palace test in the main hall of the palace.The hall test strategy question is a channel for the emperor to communicate with the test taker.The court test only asked questions.In order to be able to select the favorite people,the emperor of the Ming Dynasty firmly mastered the power of making questions about the temple test.Sometimes the strategy questions are drafted by the emperor himself,and sometimes the cabinet minister draws up multiple alternatives,and then the emperor chooses from them.If the content of the strategy questions is not satisfactory,the emperor can modify it according to his wishes.The content of the policy topic involves all aspects of governing the country and the governance.The focus of the policy topic in different historical periods is different.It is a reflection of the emperor's political thoughts and has a clear timeliness.Reading the paper is a decisive link in the ranking of the temple test.In the early Ming Dynasty,the emperor's control of the country was at its extreme,and the imperial power had an absolute deterrent in reading the paper.However,with the weakening tendency of the imperial power in the Ming Dynasty and the improvement of the cabinet status,the radiation range of the imperial power in the reading process was limited.In addition,the number of test papers that the readers read from the emperor to the emperor was limited and selected by the readers,which made the cabinet ministers and readers The hidden danger of official cheating has increased greatly.The emperor of the Ming Dynasty adopted a series of measures to ensure the fairness of the imperial examination and the absolute influence of the imperial power on the result of the imperial examination.In terms of marking,extended marking time,strict test paper transfer and division procedures,and stricter marking rules;in terms of the number of progress,since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the readers usually read egg rolls.In the eighth year of Jiajing(1529),Sejong increased to Six volumes,fourteen years(1535)increased again to twelve volumes,increasing the choice of the emperor;in order to prevent the readers from favoritism,he created the first system of avoiding the official system of the test paper;the emperor sometimes decided the ranking of the test according to the subjective will.Reflects the unconditional power of imperial power.The emperor of the Ming Dynasty achieved the purpose of expanding the right to obtain warlords by strengthening the control of the examination papers of the temple.The honorary banquet of Jinshi En was given by the emperor.Although the emperor did not come in person,he appointed a member of the Wuxun Minister to represent the emperor to show the emperor's dignity.Three years before Hongzhi(1490),the emperor appointed Minister Wu Xun as "servant feast." Since Emperor Xiaozong,the emperor began to emphasize the position of Minister Wu Xun in the banquet,and ordered his "master banquet" and "chairman" many times.In the five years of Jiajing(1526),a controversy over the rank of Enrong Banquet broke out.In order to suppress the power of civil servants,Sejong supported the opinion of Wu Xun,Guo Xun,and ordered Wu Xun to "seat the banquet",emphasizing the imperial power to the hundred officials and the new branch Supreme.In the Ming Dynasty,there were six special cases of the emperor's "not imperial palace" in the Ming Dynasty.They were mainly divided into three types: the emperor's sudden illness,slack politics,and aging.The imperial palace's test of "not imperial palace" is related to the emperor's character and political attitude.Wu Zong did not attach importance to the court test because of his character rebellion and his negative governance attitude.Sejong actually attached great importance to the temple test.In the seventeenth year of Jiajing(1538),he deliberately missed the temple test in the process of exploring a new state governance model,but soon realized that it was inappropriate.Since then,in addition to Jiajing forty-four years(1565),The elderly could not be outside the palace,and never missed the palace test.The absence of the emperor from the imperial examination not only reduces the functional status of the imperial examination,but also may give the power minister the opportunity to intervene and obtain a warrior,thus becoming an obstacle to establishing a good relationship between the emperor and the emperor.The palace examination in the Ming Dynasty was of great significance to the development of imperial politics.The bright career prospects of Jinshi continue to inspire scholars to participate in the test,so that the court has recruited and controlled a steady stream of talents.The emperor personally took the exam,turning new Jinshi into a student of the emperor,diluting the relationship between the examinee and the examiner and taking over the power to take the scholar.At the same time,the emperor allowed the children of the current minister to ascend within a certain limit,which achieved the purpose of enveloping courtiers and stabilizing the court.The palace test in the Ming Dynasty was a political tool for the emperor to maintain imperial power. |
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