The Ideological Differences Between Young Marx And Plutarch

Marx paid close attention to self-consciousness and religious criticism when he was studying for his doctorate.Epicurus,as a philosopher who shakes classical philosophy in ancient Greece,his "happy philosophy" and anti-religious spirit as well as the spark of self-consciousness in atomism inspired young Marx.Therefore,based on Plutarch’s criticism of Epicurus,Marx responds to Plutarch.Based on the Notes On Epicurus’ Philosophy and The Doctoral Dissertation,combined with the relevant literature of Epicurus and Plutarch,this paper makes a comparative study of the ideological differences between Marx and Plutarch.The first chapter is the introduction,I will explain why we should rely on notes and The Doctoral Dissertation,and why we should study the ideological differences between Marx and Plutarch.In order to prepare for the text,I will combined with the relevant domestic and foreign research.The second chapter is based on Notes 2,3 and 4,I want to analyze how Marx retort Plutarch.He excerpted two articles of Plutarch,the first one is that Plutarch criticizes Epicurus,and the second one is that Plutarch criticizes Colotes.Marx made anti criticism at the same time when he extract articles.It can be seen that Marx justified Epicurus and his school,and expressed his own thoughts in this process,such as:evaluating physical and spiritual happiness,what role does God play in human life,what is the meaning of philosopher’s " peace of mind",and whether there is reliability of feeling.These discussion perspectives will become important sources of The Doctoral Dissertation.The third chapter is based on The Doctoral Dissertation.In the order of text,notes and appendix,I analyze Marx’s criticism of Plutarch.First of all,Marx mentioned Plutarch five times in the text.The main topics are whether the atomism was plagiarized or not,and whether the atomic deviating motion was meaningless.In addition,he also criticized Plutarch’s religious thoughts.Secondly,in the appendix,the religious thoughts of Plutarch is criticized.Now there are only two parts:"the relationship between man and God","the immortality of the individual".Because the part of "the relationship between man and God" is incomplete,so I have made a lot of speculative discussions here.If there is any question,please give me more advice.’Personal immortality" has been lost,leaving only the title of the chapter.Finally,in the first part of the notes,Marx mentioned a story of the kimbli in The Lives Of The Noble Grecians and Roman.The fourth chapter analyzes why the theoretical achievements of young Marx’s criticism of Plutarch--elf-consciousness and religious criticism--are the important foreshadowing of Marx’s "new philosophy",and how the two critical forces have developed in the future of Marx’s philosophy.Self-consciousness is the theoretical foreshadowing of Marx’s philosophy of human.Marx started from self-consciousness to care about man’s subjectivity,and finally,it developed into a mature theory to help people’s liberation.At first,the criticism of religion is rational criticism.With the in-depth investigation of reality,Marx started from social reality to find out the root of religious problems,and finally developed into the religious view of historical materialism.The last part is the conclusion and acknowledgment.