A Study On The Adjectives In Pingdingshan Dialect, Henan Province

This paper takes the suburban dialect of the Zhanhe District of Pingdingshan(the Central Plains Mandarin Nanlu Tablet)as the research object and conducts detailed field investigations.The paper integrates the combination of description and interpretation and the combination of form and meaning.The adjectives in the Pingdingshan dialect have been used.Based on the research results which have been existed,the grammatical functions and characteristics of the adjectives in Pingdingshan are studied from the perspective of grammar analysis.The adjectives of Pingdingshan dialect are displayed in terms of adjective affixes,grammatical functions,overlapping types,and adjective phrases.The full text is divided into 6chapters:The first chapter is introduction.Firstly,the general situation of Pingdingshan has been briefly introduced.Then,the research situation of adjectives in Mandarin,Henan dialect and Pingdingshan dialect has been summarized.Last,the research significance and methods,and the phonology and pronouns of Pingdingshan dialect have been explained in this work.The classification of adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect has been shown in the second chapter.Firstly,according to the meanings,the adjectives of Pingdingshan dialect can be divided into nature adjectives and state adjectives.Then,the two categories of adjectives are reclassified according to syllables and composition forms.The third chapter illustrates the grammatical function of the adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect.The most commonly used syntactic function of adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect is predicate or center predicate rather than attributive,which is related to the spoken language style of the dialect.Adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect can be combined with adverbs of degree,adverbs of mood“Iang”(“?~=”),adverbs of negation“Bu”(“?”),and pronouns of degree,etc.One of the most expressive figurative is the adjective added to express the degree of colloquial nature of words or phrases.The fourth chapter exhibits the classification of the affixes of adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect.The details of the prefix“Ge”(“?”)and the infix“Ge,Bu,Li”(“?,?,?”)have been described in this chapter.This chapter mainly describes the combination of reduplicated similar suffix and different root.This and change the degree,increase emotional color and the image of root A.The fifth chapter demonstrates the overlapping and vivid forms of adjectives in Pingdingshan dialect.The overlapping formula has forms such as“AA“Er”(“?”),ABB“Er”(“?”),AABB,ABAB,AXX,A“Li”(“?”)AB”,and the degree sequences of“AA“Er”(“?”)<A<ABB<AXX<AABB<XAXA”also exist in it.The vivid forms,such as“Axx,Axy,Axyy,Axyz”,indicate the higher degree and contain inappropriate or derogatory colors.The form and meaning of the adjective(a nonsyllabic“r”to it)phrase are shown in the sixth chapter.It examines the forms and meanings of five adjective(a nonsyllabic“r”to it)phrase,such as[Degree indicating pronoun+A]“Er”(“?”),[“Duo”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”),[Quantitative phrase+A]“Er”(“?”),[“Mei”(“?”)+“Duo”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”),[“Mei”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”),in the Pingdingshan dialect.The explanations of the wear and tear of small meaning of the adjective(a nonsyllabic“r”to it)phrase form are found by the way of comparative study.According to the results,this paper has found that the adjectives of Pingdingshan dialect have the following characteristics:Firstly,the adjectives of Pingdingshan dialect are rich in suffixes,flexible in combination.And class-like double suffixes can also derive new adjectives.The adjectives of Pingdingshan dialect have characteristic prefixes and infixes“Ge”(“?”).Secondly,Pingdingshan dialect adjectives mainly are used as predicate or center predicate rather than attributive.And Pingdingshan dialect adjectives can be put a variety of degrees and feelings of the word or phrase in front of it or to the end of it.Thirdly,the overlapping type is often added an unsyllabic“r”to the final,and there are tone changes.These both reflect the changes of degree and emotional color.Fourthly,the forms of[“Duo”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”)and[Quantitative phrase+A]“Er”(“?”)have shown the varying degrees wear and tear of the small justification,expect for the forms of[Degree indicating pronoun+A]“Er”(“?”),[“Mei”(“?”)+“Duo”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”)and[“Mei”(“?”)+A]“Er”(“?”)which strictly keep the small justification.