| On October 31,2017,UNESCO awarded Qingdao the title of"Film Capital".From April 25 to April 26,2018,the 16~thh Domestic Film Promotion Of China Cinema Line Conference was held in Qingdao Oriental Movie Metropolis.In June of the same year,Qingdao hosted the first SCO National Film Festival.The film industry has become an important part of the contemporary urban development of Qingdao.Cinema,as an important place for film dissemination,provides a unique perspective for the study of local film history.Although Qingdao Film Production Company started late,the distribution and projection situation of Qingdao Film Industry has always been among the best in the country.Looking back on history,the origin of Qingdao and film can be traced back to the German occupation of Qingdao(1897-1914).After the film was introduced into Qingdao by Germans,because of the frequent change of local jurisdiction,a complex and changeable film projection situation was formed;until the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Qingdao formed a relatively orderly film development under the unified policy guidance and corresponding management.Nowadays,there are still many unknowns about Qingdao films before 1949.Based on the collection and collation of Qingdao local film historical materials and the analysis of Qingdao’s special historical evolution,this paper attempts to explore the film projection industry under the special historical evolution of Qingdao from 1897 to 1949.The historical stages of Qingdao from 1897 to 1949 can be roughly divided into:the period of German occupation of Qingdao from 1897 to 1914;the first period of Japanese occupation of Qingdao from 1914 to 1922;the period of Beiyang government’s domination of Qingdao from 1922 to 1929;the first period of Nanjing National Government’s domination of Qingdao from 1929 to 1938;the second period of Japanese occupation of Qingdao from 1938 to 1945;and the second period of Nanjing National Government from 1945 to 1949.During the reign of Qingdao.During the German occupation period and the first Japanese occupation period,in order to satisfy the cultural and entertainment needs of foreign immigrants,the colonial authorities set the film screening sites in the most prosperous areas of the cities in the European and Japanese residential areas.The film screening activities had a distinct colonial color and the service objects were clearly defined.The period of the Beiyang government’s rule of Qingdao was relatively short,and the foreign cinemas monopolized the film screening in Qingdao.In the market,each theatre has entered the competitive stage of survival of the fittest guided by market demand;during the first period of Nanjing National Government’s rule over Qingdao,Qingdao’s film projection industry began to take shape and the political situation was relatively stable,thus entering a short period of prosperity;During the second Japanese occupation of Qingdao,some theatres stopped performing.With the construction of Japanese-funded cinemas and small-scale cinemas opened by the Chinese,Qingdao’s film projection industry has restored its former prosperity.However,due to the strong support of Japanese colonial authorities,the development of Chinese cinemas has been restricted.Qingdao’s film projection industry presents a situation of abnormal development.During the second reign of the Nanjing National Government in Qingdao,Qingdao’s cultural undertakings stagnated.Under the social environment of currency devaluation and economic crisis,film ticket prices fluctuated uncertainly,combined with power outages,heavy taxes and other factors,the film industry reluctantly maintained its old status.Based on the consideration of the similarities between the development patterns and characteristics of Qingdao film projection industry in different historical periods from 1897 to 1949,and for the sake of clarity and convenience,this paper summarizes and integrates the above six political and historical paragraphs into three periods in which Qingdao film projection industry shows obvious distinction:the Qingdao film projection industry in the German occupation period and the first Japanese occupation period(1897-1922);Qingdao Film Projection Industry under the Beiyang Government and the First Nanjing National Government(1922-1938);Qingdao Film Projection Industry under the Second Japanese Occupation and the Second Nanjing National Government(1938-1949).In a word,the formation of Qingdao film projection industry from 1897 to 1949has its specific social environment and regional characteristics.On the one hand,this paper helps to perfect and enrich the study of local film history,and provides a side reference for understanding the development of Qingdao film in this period.On the other hand,it also provides a more unique detailed and specific sample for the study of the history of Chinese film.To some extent,it fills in the deficiencies of the existing film research field. |
