Research On De Theory Of Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi,as a representative figure in the pre-Qin period and a master of Taoist school,has a distinct personal color in philosophy,social outlook and outlook on life.He is one of the important figures of Taoist school in the Warring States Period.Following Laozi,his personality and creative style have a far-reaching impact on the literature and culture of later generations.In the seven chapters of Zhuangzi,especially De Chong Fu,a series of "sages" with physical disabilities,ugly appearance but lofty realm are depicted.By describing such characters’ images and behaviors,Zhuangzi discusses the concept of "DE" and the philosophical ideas behind it.From the primitive period to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the concept of "DE" underwent a transformation from the totem concept of primitive society to the attributes of human spiritual conduct and natural things.This is a long process of development,and the connotation of "DE" has changed from simple to complex,which has a certain impact on Zhuangzi’s "DE" theory.On the one hand,Zhuangzi’s "DE" is inherited from Laozi’s viewpoint that "DE" is the concrete embodiment of "TAO" in the objective world and manifests itself in the state of natural inaction;on the other hand,it also absorbs other predecessors’ views that "DE" is the combination of human’s internal spirit and external conduct,thus developing into its own "DE" theory.In De Chong Fu,Zhuangzi divides the value concept of "DE" into two aspects:inner psychological activities and external behavior.The quiet and leisurely mind determines the behavior of being at ease with circumstances,and the behavior of being at ease reflects the inner psychological activities.The two are one with exterior and interior.Zhuangzi’s description of the specific connotation of "DE" has profound cultural significance: first of all,in the highly developed society of civilization and culture,human’s social attributes and values have brought restraint and imprisonment topeople;secondly,human’s natural attributes determine the subjective deviation of cognition,which is the source of contradictions between people,and reconciling the tension between people needs to eliminate personal recognition;thirdly,the innate or acquired destiny can not be changed by human wisdom,and human beings need to get rid of the fetters of destiny;finally,the process of "sage" constantly excluding human civilization and value system from reaching the moral realm of infinite spiritual silence and infinite lofty life is not only the process of "enlightenment" as Zhuangzi thought.Therefore,in the context of social and cultural values,we can explore that Zhuangzi’s social ideal is to return to nature and abandon all social civilization and value judgments of the "TAO" world yearning.