The Influence Of Social Exclusion And Self-esteem On Risk Preference

Social exclusion is a common social phenomenon which has a negative impact on people.It will change the individual's cognitive,emotion and physiological experiences,and trigger many negative behaviors.While negative behaviors often require individuals to take greater risks.At present,there is a lack of research on the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference,and the research conclusions are inconsistent.Risk decision-making involves different decision-making scenarios.Monetary decision-making,such as consumption and investment,is closely related to our daily life.Therefore,it is meaningful to explore the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference in monetary decision-making.This paper conducted two studies by combining experimental manipulation and questionnaire survey,testing the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference,and exploring the possible influencing factors of the relationship.The first study used the recall paradigm of social exclusion to initiate the sense of exclusion,and then used the questionnaire to measure the risk preference,so as to test the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference in monetary decision-making,as well as the possible influence of amount of money on this relationship.The first study also paid attention to the changes of positive and negative emotions,and the changes of the four basic needs of belonging,self-esteem,sense of control and significance of existence,so as to confirm the negative effects of social exclusion.Using the same research paradigm,the second study verify the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference,and introduced the variable of trait self-esteem to explore it's influence on this relationship.The final research results are as follows:(1)regardless of the situation of money gain or money loss,individuals' risk preference level will increase after social exclusion.(2)The amount of money has no significant influence on the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference.(3)Compared with the control group,the exclusion group showed a decrease in happiness,an increase in sadness and injury,and a significant decrease in the three basic needs of belonging,self-esteem and sense of being,but no significant change in the sense of control.(4)In the the situation of money gain,trait self-esteem has a significant impact on the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference.After social exclusion,the risk preference level of people with middle trait self-esteem increased significantly,while the risk preference level of people with low and high trait self-esteem did not change significantly.In the situation of money loss,trait self-esteem has no significant influence on the relationship between social exclusion and risk preference.