The Research On Ma Qichang’s Laozi Gu

Ma Qichang lived in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and was one of the characters of the Tongcheng School.He has lived in Tongcheng for a long time,inheriting the academic tradition of Tongcheng School with "Yi Li as the ancestor",and at the same time,he is involved in Buddhism and Laozi and other Philosophers.This article takes his "Laozi Gu" as the main material of the study,and adopts a combination of thought history,academic history and philology to comprehensively explore the annotation features and the purpose of" Laozi",in order to highlight the achievements of Ma Qichen’s old learning.And its ideological characteristics.This paper consists of three parts.The first part elaborates the academic tradition of Tongcheng School the life and friendship of Ma Qichang.The representative figures of Tongcheng School,such as Yao Nai,Fang Dongshu,Yao Yin,etc.all believed in the Cheng and Zhu Lixue.In the disputes between the Han Xue and Song Xue in the Qing Dynasty,they firmly maintained the orthodox position of Song Xue and criticized the shortcomings of Han Xue.Ma Qichen inherited the academic tradition of Tongcheng School and has a clear embodiment in Laozi.The life of Ma Qichen can be divided into two parts.The former part is in Tongcheng.Studing Classics for the Imperial Examination and serving parents formed the theme of life.The latter part is centered on Beijing.Teaching and writing,to be a officials of the government or an authors of history,has become the main business of his latter life.Ma Qichang’s friends can be divided into three categories.Tongcheng scholars are the main body of his friends.The most intimate people are Xiao Mu,Yao Yongai,Yao Yongpu,etc.His interaction with Tongcheng scholars lasted for a lifetime.In the seventh year of Guangxu,he prepared for imperial examination in Beijing,got several friends,such as Zheng Gao and Sun Shutian,were all good scholars.Interaction with friends,in beijing of this stage,have not only provided him with opportunities for his appointment,but also expanded his academic scale.After the Republic of China,the old-fashioned scholars became an important part of the circle of Ma Qichang’s Communication.Under the pressure of new paradigm,Ma Qichen and Chen Sanli and Lin Shu jointly promoted traditional culture.The second part mainly makes a comprehensive exploration of the text of Laozi,from the two chapters of sub-chapter basis and annotations.In terms of sub-chapter basis,this paper introduces the two forms of principle to separated chapters,based on the meaning of the text and the number of heaven and earth,and the source of principle which is the basis of chapter separation,and the purpose of selecting this kind of principle.In terms of annotations,this paper introduces the source of Laozi Gu’s text and Ma Qichang’s analysis of the important concepts in Laozi,and the criticism of Han Feizi "misreading" the book of Laozi,revealing Ma Qichang’s Laozi Gu from a textual perspective.The characteristics of the note.The third part mainly analyzes the fusion thoughts of the Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,and the study-for-useprinciple that are embodied in Laozi.Ma Qichen believes that " the Confucius and Laozi are all affected by the Yijing".While using the Confucian concept to interpret the text of Laozi,it communicates the contradictions between the Confucianists and Laozi,provides a basis for the fusion.Laozi Gu also has obvious annotation features of"resolving the Laozi with the Buddha",and the concept of "zhenxin" in Buddhism has become the medium for Ma Qichen to integrate Buddhism and Laozi.In the late Qing Dynasty,in the face of the social situation of internal and external troubles,Ma Qichen have repeatedly proposed the principle of "learning for use".In the"Shang Qing Emperor Xuan Tongshu",based on Confucian culture,he proposed reforms in various fields such as finance,people’s livelihood,culture,and military,and emphasized that the key to politics lies in "cultivating the people." At the beginning of the Republic of China,after several collisions with social reality,Ma Qichang no longer took the initiative to write a book on the policy of governing the country.Instead,he integrated his thoughts on the practical use of the world into the annotations of the books such as Laozi.This article analyzes the practical thoughts of Laozi from the four aspects of "following the rule and doing nothing" and "using the method of employing people",and tries to explore the traditional Confucian scholars such as Ma Qichang,who are under the pressure of Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.