The Order Construction Of "Filial Piety" And "loyalty"

Filial piety,as the cultural background of traditional Chinese society and also as a kind of moral education,has a great influence on Chinese society and history,which is known to all.Through the ages,there have been many discussions and interpretations of traditional filial piety,but most of them are concentrated in the field of specialized history.Looking at relevant historical facts from the perspective of sociology,traditional filial piety and its thoughts can be the main way of social control and socialization,which have an important impact on the social life order of groups,contain rich social thoughts,and are a theoretical treasure house that can be developed.This article regards filial piety as a social thought with the method of literature research for special history,and focuses on the following contents from the perspective of social thought history:The formation and development of filial piety has gone through a long process of expansion and evolution.In the primitive clan society in ancient times,social productivity was backward and people were unable to fight against nature,resulting in totem worship.After that,agricultural civilization was gradually established.Ancestor worship of"respecting nature"replaced totem worship.Ancestor worship and sacrifice were gradually established after three generations.The consciousness of filial piety of"respecting ancestors"sprouted.In the spring and autumn period and the warring States period,when"a hundred schools of thought contend",the establishment of small family economy gave filial piety the meaning of"being kind to parents".However,the establishment of patriarchal clan system and the development of Confucian culture have clearly defined the ethical order of respecting the elders and the young,"filial piety"has developed towards the direction of "loyalty".Filial piety has also completed the expansion from individuals to groups and the transformation of social ethics standard.Qin and Han dynasties are the first period in the history of China in which the feudal centralization of power was unified in a profound way,and its pioneering work has been learned by later generations.Although the Qin Dynasty ruled for a short period of time,the Qin Dynasty followed the rule of law.The Qin Dynasty’s severe punishment for the crime of unfilial filial piety is a direct proof of its emphasis on filial piety.The Han Dynasty inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty and learned the lessons from the demise of the Qin Dynasty.It unified its thoughts with Confucianism and combined law with ethics.Rulers play the role of filial piety in social life from many aspects.They have special features in"giving preferential treatment to the elderly",recommending people who are honest in filial piety,punishing the crime of unfilial filial piety,and grassroots governance of"respecting the elderly".They have effectively promoted the secularization of filial piety thought,"turning filial piety from parents to loyalty to the monarch"throughout,forming a situation of"governing the world with filial piety".Filial piety has influenced and shaped the value orientation of individuals and society."Life cannot but cooperate and communicate with groups"determines the interrelation between individuals and society.Filial piety regulates the behavior and social roles of each class and makes the whole society present an orderly state by means of "soft" control.The ideal society of the ancient Chinese people to cultivate a harmonious society is closely related to this,and the social organizational characteristics of the homogeneous family and country reside in it.Under the historical background of "western learning spreading to the east"in modern times,filial piety is facing the problem of modernization turn.The practice and development of filial piety in Qin and Han dynasties are of great significance.the study and exploration of filial piety can help people to re-understand the role of filial piety in governing the world,and can also provide reference for the problem of providing for the aged in contemporary China.