Studies On The Rituals Of Jade Articles Which Were Excavated From Haihun Marquis Liuhe’s Tomb

Based on the arrangement of the basic information of the jades of the outer and inner coffin which were excavated from the tomb of Hai hun marquis Liu he,and the reference archaeological materials and historical literatures,this paper systematically interprets the functions and cultural connotations and using rules of these jades and other factors reflecting the ritual system by combining the information of the unearthed location of these jades,the numbers,the combination of these jades and the relationship between them a nd the owners of the jades.The number of jade swords unearthed from Liu he’s tomb has reached the regulation of the tomb of the feudal princes,but Liu he doesn’t have the specification to possess a complete set of jade sword which is only noticed from the tomb of feudal princes.The dragon jade ornament with the dragon head pattern and Pan hui pattern is made from an early high-body jade Cong,It may be the decoration on the jade Shao for sacrificial occasions recorded in the literature,which has the ritual nature.Because the white jade seal with the button of chi tiger is private seal,its material and button is not subject to the rules of official seal restrictions,and the use of it is not belong to the phenomenon of excess.The white jade seal with the button of turtle imitates the official seal used by Liu he during his lifetime.The shape of the turtle button conforms to the record of the seal system of the Han dynasty in the literature.The decorative jade of She xing pei and jade Huan display the wearable jade ritual of nobles in western Han dynasty.A large piece of jade Bi in the southern part of the gap of inner and outer coffins,aligned with the direction of Liu he’s head,may be an embodiment of the Chu’s ritual.Pu wen jade Bi which stored in a wooden box and jade Gui which stored in a lacquer box of head box of the inner coffins are reflecting the rule of Gui and Bi of Zhou’s ritual.Jade orifices plug reflects the Han people’s superstition psychology of jade.Liu he tomb don’t excavate a complete jade nine orifices plug,may be relate to the identity of Liu he who was just a marquis when he died.At the same time,Liu he’s special identity makes it impossible for him to have the central special gift which is jade clothes,and he can only use the marquis burial system of Jiao qin,a set of glass mat under Liu he’s body became the replacement of jade clothes.This paper focuses on the analysis of the use system of the two types of jade articles,namely,the Gui and the Bi.It is concluded that the shape and structure of Gui and Bi which were excavated from Liu he’s tomb meet the standards of marquis,but the number of Bi is much larger than that of ordinary marquis tombs.This phenomenon shows the complexity of the jade using rules in Liu he’s tomb,which coincides with the complicated political career of Liu he,who was first a king,then an emperor,then demoted to a plebeian,and finally to a marquis.