A Phenomenological Study On Fact And Essence

In the late 19 th century with brisk development of natural sciences the philosophical basis,namely,universal validity and certainty,at the back of these developments was full of controversy.Observing this,Husserl put forward the philosophy as rigorous science in which he divides science into the science of fact and the science of essence.It is the first time in this book that he put forward the view that sciences of essence lay the foundation for sciences of fact,and thus establishes the concept of essence and the independence and priority of sciences of the essence in philosophy.Compared with traditional philosophy,the research method and scope of phenomenology is an original philosophy.According to Husserl,before proceeding to the initial stage of work,one must first begin to blaze a trail,and only then can one express and solve in a strict scientific spirit many problems involved in this trail.Based on Husserl's Ideas: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology of the first chapter "fact and essence " as the basis,combined with The Method of Phenomenology,The Idea of Phenomenology and Philosophy as Rigorous Science,this paper tries to illustrate the approach to Husserl's phenomenological investigation.In order to explore the reason why Husserl takes the concepts of "fact and essence" as the beginning of Ideas 1,this paper analyzes the question in three chapters.The first chapter mainly explains the Sciences of facts,in the following two aspects,that is," experience and natural knowledge " and " fact and sciences of facts ".Thus he illustrates that all natural sciences have always been constrained by experience.It is a fact that science,the resulting knowledge only has the simple nature and probability.The second chapter,as the focus of this paper,aims to clarify what is essential science.It mainly analyzes such concepts as individual intuition and essential insight,generality and necessity,region and regional eidetics,and then further explains that transcendental or pure phenomenology is established as essential science instead of fact science.The third chapter investigates the relations between science and natural science and further explores “inseparability of fact and essence” and “knowledge of essences independent of all knowledge of facts”.We are finally able to understand,through the above analysis of phenomenology as the essence of strict science,that it is a bare fact that phenomenology is the essence of the scientific basis.To sum up,the whole investigation of Ideas 1 is purely logical.Husserl starts with "fact and essence",aiming to outline from the perspective of phenomenology a program that can guarantee the necessity of each discipline,according to which specific sciences will become reliable knowledge of truth.To be more specific,phenomenology does not provide us with empirical knowledge,but it is the precondition or formal condition of all knowledge.In other words,phenomenology provides formal rules for all concrete sciences,and all concrete sciences,with phenomenology as their conditions,finally become the true knowledge.