A Series Of Debates On Provincial System In The Early Republic Of China

From yuan dynasty to the end of qing dynasty,the provincial system had experienced more than 700 years.Although have adjustment during,but on the whole change is not big.However,after the unrest in the late qing dynasty,the localization of "province" became more and more obvious.With the development of the thought of local autonomy in the late qing dynasty,provincialism and localization developed at a high speed.Especially after the fall of despotism and the establishment of the republic,the nature of the whole society changed fundamentally.The political nature of the province also changed,and the long-suppressed contradiction between the central government and the local government broke out in an instant.Surrounding the distribution of power,the conflicts between the provinces and the central government continued,which became a stumbling block in the transition from the republic of China to a modern country.Central and local,county and federal,centralization and decentralization,various concepts are complicated and tangled.It is in this environment full of various complex factors that various forces discuss the provincial system in many aspects.At the beginning of the republic of China,it did not provide a good environment for the discussion of provincial system.Economically,the domestic economy languished,and the outstanding foreign debts added new ones.In politics,there was constant unrest.Whether yuan shikai declared himself emperor or zhang xun restored the state,it had a huge negative impact on the process of provincial system.The reason is not only the power struggle of the party,but also the fundamental reason behind it.And therefore launched a series of targeted enlightenment activities.Faced with the problem of provincial system itself,centralization and decentralization became the first threshold.This problem has existed for a long time in the autocratic society for thousands of years.The central government's ruling power was greatly reduced in the early years of the republic of China.The problems of self-government,of the federal counties,overwhelmed people.At this time,Oriental magazine creatively put forward the concept of "configuration",which provided a new solution to the problem of centralization and decentralization.In the debate on the specific aspects of the provincial system in the early republic of China,the issue of the province's preservation and abolition became the center of the debate for a period of time,which was discussed by kang youwei,xiong xiling and song jiaoren.Waste province and save save two cliches to have enough reason,below this kind of close situation,the province makes save waste to be handled eventually by "cold",the province makes also "luckily" can be saved.Compared with the previous provincial system,the provincial system in the early republic of China had one characteristic,that is,the coexistence of government and autonomy.This depended on the spread of modern ideology and culture.The local autonomy movement made the function differentiation of each province more detailed,and many institutions with strong local characteristics appeared.When discussing the provincial system,we have to pay attention to this point.After the reconciliation between the central and local governments,a new model of government and autonomy came into being.Oriental magazine's discussion on the provincial system in the early republic of China not only promoted the innovation of the administrative operation of the provincial system,but also promoted the benign development of local autonomy and found a new path for the balance between centralization and local power.At the same time,in the complicated situation of the early years of the republic of China,the reasons for the difficult labor,namely partisanship and circular politics,were discovered,and a reasonable way was sought to integrate all parties reasonably.However,due to the limitations of various factors,this attempt was ultimately unsuccessful,and the discussion of the provincial system in Oriental magazine remained at the theoretical level.But through the deep excavation of its research,we can dig out some theories that still have reference significance for today.