Ming And Qing Dynasties And The Republic Of China Xushuguan Mat Industry

This paper takes Xushuguan as the research object.Xushuguan is on the northwest of Suzhou city.The background is based on one thousand years in the modern social and economic development,with straw mat industry in Xushuguan and surrounding areas since the Ming and Qing dynasties and decline as the clue.Describing the Xushuguan town mat industry more than five centuries of changing process.Analyzing in details about its rising and falling changes of the internal and external factors,as well as causing by straw mat industry booming and bust and the changing of Xushuguan town industrial structure.Xushuguan mat industry development process can be roughly divided into three stages,namely,the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368-1911),the period of the Republic of China(1911-1949),and after the founding of new China(1949-present).Nationally famous for the Ming and Qing dynasties Xushuguan chaoguan,at this point it is Xushuguan mat industry rising period,mainly with the individual farmers at-bats woven mat of small-scale peasant economy is given priority to Tang and Song dynasties.Suzhou straw mat can be listed as a tribute.During the period of the Republic of China is Xushuguan's flourishing period of development,of which the mat industry association,the Xushuguan mat during the period of the Republic of China industry development plays an inestimable role.After the founding of new China,Xushuguan mat industry association into gold period gradually to the socialist transformation period and new period Xushuguan township government to the mat industry vigorously support.This article is to describe Xushuguan mat industry development.This paper discusses the three main stages.Xushuguan mat industry arose in the period of Ming dynasty to the Qing dynasty jiaqing years beyond Huqiu,became the most main mat production areas.To the Ming dynasty(1450)set of the first year of Xushuguan luxury "Chao guan","four hundred and two thousand silver" every year to receive tax.Since then Xushuguan mat grass industry began to rise,after Xushuguan mat industry,city of seats can be for long,which constitutes a dependent relationship with Chaoguan establishment and development space,both are close relationships.After Xushuguan town losing the function of the canal,namely after the war of the Taiping heavenly kingdom,suffered a crisis about town economic decline.In the past,Xushuguan is a waterway transportation as the main typical flow-through town,location advantages and development power in Que destroyed,sea under the condition of rapid development,the canal function loss,Xushuguan town in one hundred,since then has experienced a transition period,and the mat industry development has played a key role in it.Early years of the Republic of China,the late Qing dynasty Xushuguan town has a size of seats to line up to more than 50 stores(not including retail individual,stalls and self-marketing).Town is the oldest leaves after shop is open in the Qing dynasty "Li Nashan","Old Qingminister";Years of the Republic of China is the largest store in the "Wan Feng" thrive "close".As ancient town "one or two",another record for "Shen Yunji" seat number.Due to the seats,mud and sand flow together,competition is intense,order chaos.Merchants Xi Nong gunman's harassment,often in business together fight,the thief small steak is opportunistic theft.During Anti-Japanese War,the situation could become worse.Years of the Republic of China Xushuguan local wise men and the masses spontaneous organizations set up "Xushuguan mat industry public(will)".Xushuguan mat industry,to promote local mat industry booming.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,the reborn near-death Suzhou handicraft industry.In the national economic recovery period,the party and the people's government on the development of production,prosperity,economic policy,actively helped the handicraft industry of Suzhou,recover soon.However,based on private ownership of handicraft production,is a kind of backward mode of production,low labor productivity,production relations seriously impedes the development of productivity.In 1956,the rivals in Suzhou industry in all walks of life to carry on the socialist transformation.Since then,Suzhou handicraft industry development to a new historical stage.Suzhou handicraft industry presents a thriving scene.After the reform and opening up,since Japanese mat mat from the marketing input domestic and Ningbo,Zhejiang province after the national Xushuguan seats is litter.But in the new era in the 21 st century,"Xushuguan mat skill" in 2013 is listed as Suzhou 6batch of intangible cultural heritage of traditional art class representative projects list,is the latest batch of one of Suzhou municipal intangible cultural heritage projects,this became the revive Xushuguan mat industry.Xushuguan government is also actively to restore the prosperity of the past "coupling",has carried on the corresponding support to help.