Study On Weapons Discovered In Archaeology During Three Kingdoms,Chin,the Southern And Northern Dynasties

Three Kingdoms,Chin,the Southern and Northern Dynasties is a major turning point in the historical stage in the ancient Chinese society,but also a very active period in the military history of China.Because of the frequent change of regime,the armed forces and control was particularly important and the production of military equipment had become the key problem for the rulers,especially the development and growth of cavalry force had prompted the development and production of weapons into a new era.This paper is mainly divided into four chapters.The first chapter is the introduction.This paper shall be subject to administrative divisions of the territory of China now,taking analysis based on a comprehensive collection of archaeological unearthed weapons?image and pottery data in order to study the military use and combination of weapons.Academic history can be divided into three aspects,the first is the comprehensive research,mainly related to the analysis of the simple type of the weapon,the general characteristics of the development,the innovation of weapons manufacturing technology and the status in the history of Chinese weapons.The second is on the research of specific weapons,mainly focuses on the textual research according to the inscription of the crossbow,and the special function in funeral activities.The third is about cavalry,which involves the cavalry tactics,the process of production and development,driving force of cavalry to the reform and development of weapons,the archaeological study of armor and figurines and so on.The second chapter is about the periodization.This chapter sorts up weapon materials published up to now,takes classification,divides into southern and northern regions.Then it is divided into three types:iron,bronze,bone.This chapter selects the broadsword,sword,spear,halberd,arrowheads and crossbow,then splits type and investigates the relationship.Three Kingdoms,Chin,the Southern and Northern Dynasties followed the tradition since the Eastern Han Dynasty,although bronze weapons remained a certain addition in long-range weapons,iron weapon had occupied mainstream status on the battlefield fully.In this period sword was fading gradually,iron broadsword was becoming more and more prosperous,the crossbow was a kind of more special weapon,which is often buried in the aristocratic tombs,the evolution characteristic was obvious,which can provide powerful material support for the staging.In the third chapter,according to the shape analysis,combined with the dating data of tombs,this period of the weapon points the North and South districts,and is divided into the Three Kingdoms and Western Chin Dynasty?the Eastern Chin Dynasty and 16 states?the Southern and Northern Dynasties period.The shapes and evolution characteristics of all the periods have been summarized.The fourth chapter is the study of related issues,mainly including four aspects.Firstly,this chapter analyses the distribution of iron smelting industry.Four iron smelting sites have been found.In the North,unearthed weapon sites involve Liaoning,Henan,Shandong,Gansu,Xinjiang,Beijing,Shanxi,Ningxia,Shaanxi.In the South,there are Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hubei,Anhui,Hunan,Chongqing,Fujian,Jiangxi,Yunnan,Guangdong,Guangxi,which are also proved in the documentary.Southern region had substantial leap in the smelting industry since Xiao Liang,such as "the East and West"?ye city of Hubei were very famous at that time.Secondly,the South and North had paid attention to the management of ordnance.They designed professional institutions in the central when local also mastered some autonomy.Thirdly,through the technology test,the iron smelting technologies of the time involved solid decarbonization of steel,blade carburization,fried steel,poured steel,steel several techniques,and had particular requirements for the solvent used for quenching.Fourthly,according to the relevant murals and figurines data,about the army's ordnance equipment and fighting style,it is found that the most commonly used weapons are the broadsword,long spear,crossbows,bows and arrows and halberd,but halberd only populared in the Wei and Chin Dynasties,subsequently declined.Arms were mainly infantry and cavalry,cavalry can be divided into Qingqi and heavy cavalry.In short,On the basis of the round collection of the unearthed weapons of Three Kingdoms,Chin,the Southern and Northern Dynasties period in China,the discovered weapons of this period are found evolving orderly,the weapons are divided into the North and South areas,and are divided into three successive periods:the Three Kingdoms and Western Chin Dynasty?the Eastern Chin Dynasty and 16 states?the southern and Northern Dynasties period.Overall,the South and the North had their respective generality and individuality,also reflected the decline of the sords and the popularity of ring broadsword.From the southern and Northern Dynasties,the long spear had become prosperous,iron halberd had gradually declined.In the south,the Eastern Chin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties,the shape and function of the crossbow had been further improved,and in the north,apart from the use of large bed crossbow in the Northern Dynasties,the share of crossbow on the battlefield is small.In addition,the North and South were extremely paying attention to ordnance manufacturing,The distribution range of iron smelting industry had also been further expanded,especially in the southern region.At the same time,The Southern government also attached great importance to the development of cavalry.They set up special management officials for minority cavalry,and used them actively to participate in the war in order to enhance the strength to compete with the Northern regime.