Research On Settlement Changes From Longshan To Xia And Shang Dynasty In Luoyang Area

The origin of civilization and the formation of early countries in the Central Plains region have long been hot topics in academic circles.Luoyang area,as the core hinterland of the Central Plains civilization,is one of the central areas of the origin and development of Chinese civilization.It has made great contributions to the sustained prosperity of Chinese civilization and is also a model for studying the long-term development of culture before the formation of the country.Luoyang area has gained a lot from previous settlement archaeology,but from the perspective of archaeological culture and Xia and Shang history,the rise of Erlitou culture,the change of Xia and Shang regimes,and the difference between the morning and evening Shang societies have not received sufficient attention.Therefore,on the basis of previous studies,this paper chooses Luoyang area,which is relatively closed in geographical location,rich in archaeological foundation work and developed in archaeological culture,to explore the distribution and morphological changes of settlements in Luoyang area,focusing on the social and historical changes experienced by settlements in the process of social civilization from Longshan to erlitou,the change of Xia and Shang culture and the sharp decline in the late Shang period.The article is divided into six chapters.Chapter 1: Introduction.This paper defines the research area of this paper,summarizes the natural geographical environment characteristics of Luoyang area,combs the past field archaeological work and related settlement research results in this area,and puts forward the research ideas and methods of this paper on this basis.Chapter 2-Chapter 4: Divides the cultural periods of Longshan,Xia and Shang into three chapters to discuss respectively.Each chapter collects and sorts out the settlement sites in different periods according to the investigation,excavation and research status,and makes relevant site distribution charts based on the existing materials.Through the research on settlement distribution,scale grade and distribution trend of settlement groups,the external form of settlements is observedmacroscopically,and the settlement characteristics in different periods are summarized.This paper also analyzes and discusses the large-scale central settlement sites,and further explores the social and cultural factors inside the settlement.Chapter 5-Chapter 6: Discussion on Relevant Issues.Summarize and compare the overall trend of the cultural stages discussed in the above chapters.This paper discusses the emergence of the early state in Luoyang basin,the growth and decline of political power in Xia and Shang dynasties and the changes of settlements in Shang dynasties,and analyzes the causes of these changes and the social background of the changes of settlements,with a view to revealing the social characteristics of the early stage of national development.At the end of the article,I will make a supplementary explanation on the understanding and deficiency of this article.