A Study On Hungarian Anti-semitism:1933-1945

Hungary has a long tradition of anti-Semitism.Since the Jews settled in Hungary,they have been subjected to varying degrees of exclusion and persecution and are in the struggle for freedom and liberation.Under the Tolerance Policy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,the Jews gained unprecedented liberation and gradually chosed to assimilate to integrate into the mainstream society,but they were rejected by the mainstream society.The occurrence of the First World War and the Hungarian counter-revolution deepened the anti-Semitic sentiment.Under the influence of the ?Szegedi Gondolat? and the influence of the right-wing forces and fascists in the 1930 s,Hungary gradually embarked on the path of ethnic anti-Semitism.In 1944,Germany occupied Hungary and Hungarian anti-Semitism was pushed to the peak.In 1932,G?mb?s came to power,and Hungary gradually embarked on the path of ethnic anti-Semitism.The First Jewish Law of 1938 strictly restricted Jewish activities in the economic field and deprived the living conditions of Jews.The Second Jewish Law of 1939 absorbed the Nazi racist theory of Germany and pushed Jews out of the economic sphere.The Third Jewish Law of 1941,modeled after the German Nuremberg Law,was more strongly opposed to the ?racial discrimination? of Jews.Under the influence of anti-Semitic legislation,Hungary began to expel foreign Jews and took ?military action? to clear Jews.Before the German occupation,the Jews were excluded from the political,economic and social aspects of Hungary.After the German occupation,under the active cooperation of the Horthy regime,the Hungarian Arrow Cross Party,the police and gendarmerie,Germany and Hungary carried out a ?final settlement? of the Jews.This thesis draws the following conclusions: Firstly,Hungary‘s long tradition of anti-Semitism,combined with the failure of Jewish integration into the mainstream society,and the influence of the German fascist regime,raised the anti-Semitism of Hungary from 1933 to 1945 to the national level,and the Party with a fascist nature,anti-Semitic actions were attached to Germany.Secondly,during this period the persecution of Jews in Hungary caused indelible harm to the Jewish mental and physical.The Jewish faith that the Hungarian regime had defended itself from persecution for many years was destroyed.Although the Jews fought,more than 500,000 Jews were victimized by the indifference of the international community.Thirdly,in the face of isolation,expulsion and Holocaust,Hungarian Jews,especially young intellectuals,are deeply aware of the need to have their own country,change their attitude towards Zionism,and move toward the path of rejuvenation.Fourthly,in the early post-war period,Hungary was basically silent on the Holocaust.Under the condemnation of the international community,Hungary reflected on the Holocaust and tried the anti-Semitism.With the repentance of Hungary and the help of the international community,the Hungarian Jewish community has gradually returned to life.