| As an accidental deviation and damage in the history of civilization,the term'Nanjing Massacre"especially refers to that brutal atrocity.Constrained by external political and economic environment,diplomatic relations,ideologies,and other factors,the topic of Nanjing Massacre experienced a process from silence to revival and consolidation.Now,the appearance of topics,such as the parade on September 3rd,National memorial day and hot discussion on the issue of comfort women.Also,Nanjing Massacre Archives,submitted by China is listed on The Memory of the World Register.These topics and events make Nanjing Massacre turn from individual memory,urban memory and national memory to the common memory of all human beings.However,among the solemn atmosphere of memory,there still exist some severe problems in reality.At present,registered survivors in Nanjing Massacre is less than 80,which makes the task of savable excavation and retaining historical memory become emergent.But people who are psychologically Japanese all over the country make immoral malignant publicity stunt,challenging Chinese people's bottom line.The cultivation of collective memory is not a short duration of time to develop,but need to be completed in an atmosphere of continuous social effect and normalization of patriotic education.So to have activities on Nanjing Massacre memorial activities is to remould the traumatic memory of modern people by ritualized regular commemoration.Throughout the continuum of Nanjing Massacre in the past 25 years,it has moved from regional memorial ceremonies to national ceremonies,completing the construction of ritualization and institutionalization.In the interaction of these dimensions,ceremonies on Nanjing Massacre fully reflect our nation's value pursuit of remembering history and heroes by collecting past history to remind real society.This thesis will set activities on Nanjing Massacre memorial activities as background,ceremonies as points and time as the thread,to study the memorial practices,which surround history to show and develop.This thesis will mainly talk about four related issues.First,how does the memorial ceremony of Nanjing Massacre form updation and consolidation in the chain of memory?Secondly,from regional ceremonies to national ones,how does trauma narrative spread by memorial ceremonies?And how does new media spaces enrich and transform the ritual narrative to realize people's diversified experiences?Thirdly,when memorial ceremonies beyond the limitation of time and space,how does the disruptive reform of memorial structure form wider mechanism of memorial reproduction?Fourth,in the feedback and distillation of memorial ceremonies,how does the spread of ceremonies make influence on the writing of historical narrative from the perspective of ritual communication?Study shows,in the prospect of memorial education in Nanjing Massacre,cultural trauma follows the historical line.It is a dynamic and constructive process.As an important method of remembering history,Nanjing Massacre memorial activities develops from primitive spontaneous behaviors among a small number of common people to systematically reconstructing historical discourse of memories of trauma in the process of building ritualization and institutionalization.It is a national behavior with universal participation and is leaded by official state power.In this process,factors of power always play irreplaceable roles.In a long-term historical distinction,a series of normalized ceremonial activities,which are evoked by the performance of memory and rituals,are highly compatible with dominant narrative.Now,the trend of historical narrative of Nanjing Massacre has turned from reality to memory,from paying attention to past to focusing on present.In the representation of symbolic signs,we must put stress on folk discourse,make patriotic education normalized,and enhance the sense of reality and legality.It is the consensus among people in new era,and it's also the brand-new writing of historical memory by people in new era. |
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