The Study On The Weiruliu Local Officials In The Ming Dynasty

The study of political history is the earliest in Chinese historiography.However,most studies were concentrated in central officials.The shift of research perspective was started in recent years.The research of the local official also concentrates on the county official with grade mostly.Officials without grades were called "Weiruliu(???),in Ming dynasty,they exist in places,and in charge of minor duties.This paper takes the Weiruliu as the research object,investigates how the officials set up,as well as the origin,migration and transformation.On this basis,the paper makes an in-depth analysis of the image of Weiruliu.Finally,we hope to know their influence on the Ming society.This paper can be devided into four parts.The introduction summarizes the purpose and significance of the topic selection,and briefly reviews the general situation of the research on theWeiruliu.Then is the body part.The first chapter introduces the whole situation of the Weiruliu,and then takes the example of the Weiruliu officials in Huizhou.In the Ming dynasty,there were three groups of the officials,the first of which was local instructors,including Xuezheng(??),Jiaoyu(??)and Xundao(??).The second type is the chief officials in the local government,including the Limu(??),Dianshi(??).The third category is miscellaneous official.The second chapter discusses the appointment and transfer of Weiruliu officials,taking the sources and changes of Weiruliu officials in Huizhou as an example.The third chapter mainly introduces the image of the Weiruliu officials.From the known historical records of the story of the officials,we find that their images are strongly contradictory.The forth chapter explores the characteristics of the Weiruliu in the Ming dynasty.There are three characteristics of the Weiruliu in the Ming dynasty:identity,locality and fixity.Local refers to the officials who are not in the flow,although there are central and local officials,but most of them are distributed in the local,responsible for local education,taxation,public security and other miscellaneous positions;In the Ming dynasty,officials who did not enter the rank changed less and less in the later period.Finally,the conclusion summarizes the main points of view and clarifies the inevitability of the emergence of Weiruliu,which is the need of the central government for local control.It can meet the needs of strengthening local management without imposing burdens on the administration and finance.This seemingly insignificant officials played an important role in maintaining local stability.