He Xinyin And The Common Confucianism Of The Middle And Late Ming Dynasty

The popularization of Confucianism is an important social and cultural phenomenon in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.Under the influence of Wang Yangming's psychology,the Taizhou school represented by Wang Gen promoted Confucianism to move downward and learn to move to the people.He Xinyin is an important representative of Taizhou scholars in promoting the popularization of Confucianism.His civilian Confucianism is in line with the trend of the times and has certain influence in the late Ming Dynasty.The background and reasons for the popularization of Confucianism are mainly in three aspects.First,in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the relaxation of monarchy created a relatively loose political environment for the spread of the civilian Confucianism;the development of the commodity economy promoted the status of the merchants and the citizens.They began to put forward their own social demands,and the civilian Confucianism adapted to the trend of social development;the rigidity of science caused the corruption of the morale and the study style.The reflection of the scholar bureaucrats on traditional Confucianism gave rise to the ideological basis for the popularization of Confucianism.Secondly,the rise of Wang Yangming's psychology and the movement of lecturing make the ideological trend of thought gallop in the ideological field.The thought of mind has the function of ideological emancipation,promotes the awakening of individual consciousness,and promotes the lecture movement marked by speaking and association.Finally,the increase of population and the limit of the name of the imperial examination resulted in the diversification of the survival and life style of the scholar bureaucrats.Some scholars tried to improve the social atmosphere,and the Taizhou school opened the populace of Confucianism,which was the direct cause of He Xinyin's analysis of the populace of Confucianism.The core of He Xinyin's civilian Confucianism is "desire","benevolence" and "friendship".His exposition of these three concepts is different from the general concept of Confucianism,"with life,sex,desire," "man is benevolent,benevolence is man","friends aregiven to friends,five people are respected".He affirms the naturalness and enthusiasm of man's "desire",and advocates the desire,desire and desire.He pushed the moral principle "benevolence" from the saint to the common people.In theory,he affirmed the equality of the common people in theory,and realized the construction of the natural,moral and social people through the "friends".He Xinyin's civilian Confucianism has a distinct practice.He believed that the "five things" which the traditional Confucianism called "appearance,speech,sight,hearing and thought" were the core of "learning" and "speaking",which showed that he put all Confucianism into the whole society by the circle of scholar bureaucrats.The reconstruction of family ethical order and rural culture by constructing a rural self government organization hall reflects the common responsibilities and ideals of ordinary scholar bureaucrats.He Xin Yin's pleading for the people and martyr martyrs demonstrates the Confucian people oriented sentiments.The popularization of Confucianism shows the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese traditional culture in Ming Dynasty.He Xinyin's Confucian thought and practice promoted the development of the Taizhou school,which had a certain influence on Li Zhi and Yan Li school,and had positive significance to the Enlightenment of modern thought.In short,its theory is of value to the revival of Confucianism at present.