Misfortune Of Proscribed Party

Misfortune of Proscribed Party was an intense political disturbance in the late Eastern Han Dynasty,which had great influence on the trend of politics,development of society,mind and life of scholars,literary concept and creation.This paper focuses on the two imprisonments happened during the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of Han,in order to observe the changes in politics and ideology,the influence to culture and literary expression under such changes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.The first chapter discusses the struggle between scholars and eunuchs in the period of Yanxi,the beginning and end of the two imprisonments and scholars' strong objection on political negligence.The scholars deeply influenced by the sprit of Confucianism took the world as their responsibility.They maintained the rule of the empire through vigorous practice under the guidance of their political ideal when facing the deteriorating political situation.At the same time,the unanimous position of the courtiers,imperial college students and free scholars in political action and speech exerted great pressure on the eunuchs and other heretical forces,which eventually led to Misfortune of Proscribed Party.The second chapter analyzes two tendencies in scholars' ideology and finds their origin from the aspect of political system and the influence of the previous practice,then explains two special behaviors between partisans,mourning for their officer or teacher and appreciatiing characters.After Misfortune of Proscribed Party,the scholars' thoughts and behaviors tended to be diversified.There were two main trends.Someone who thought loyal minister must be justicial had participated in politics enthusiastically,the others had began to live in seclusion automatically or be imprisoned in their hometown after the misfortune.Huangfu Gui' thoughts and behaviors showed a variety of dimensions.The members of Yuan family in Runan and Xun family in Yingchuan made so different choices on life and politics.It reflects the independence of the thought of the scholars,the pluralism of their behavior and more freedom choice around this period.The third chapter,based on the statistics on the creation of scholars,focuses on memorials to the throne,letters between relatives and friends and essays writing about political issues.Under the influence of the political situation,the expression of memorials written by courtiers had transformed gradually.Due to natural disasters and abnormal phenomena occured frequently,a complete pattern of explaining different disasters in memorials had been formed.After the misfortune,some scholars who were imprisoned in their hometown were absorbed in writing.The major Confucian classics written by Zheng Xuan and He Xiu had been completed during this period.Wei Lang,Chen Ji also expressed themselves in books.These new transformation of ideology appearing in the letters and essays became the vanguard before Wei-Jin period.